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Association between dietary patterns and cardiovascular diseases: A review
Lijun Lu1, Wangwei Jing2, Weiming Qian3
1Central Sterile Supply Department, The Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, China.
Insights
Dietary patterns significantly impact cardiovascular disease (CVD) and atherosclerosis. Healthy eating, like the Mediterranean or DASH diets, can prevent and treat these conditions, reducing global mortality.
Area of Science:
- Nutrition Science
- Cardiovascular Medicine
- Preventive Cardiology
Background:
- Cardiovascular disease (CVD), particularly atherosclerosis, is a leading global cause of mortality.
- Dietary patterns are strongly associated with chronic conditions including atherosclerosis, hypertension, and type 2 diabetes.
- Unhealthy diets contribute to risk factors like high LDL, high TG, diabetes, and hypertension, accelerating atherosclerosis.
Purpose of the Study:
- To review research on dietary patterns' effects on atherosclerosis.
- To identify key dietary components and anti-atherosclerosis agents.
- To discuss mechanisms of dietary intervention in atherosclerosis progression.
Main Methods:
- Review of large cohort studies on diet and atherosclerosis.
- Analysis of dietary patterns, components, and specific anti-atherosclerosis agents.
- Exploration of recent mechanistic insights into dietary effects on atherosclerosis.
Main Results:
- Evidence supports the role of dietary interventions in preventing and treating CVD, especially atherosclerosis.
- Healthy dietary patterns like the Mediterranean and DASH diets show significant benefits.
- Specific dietary components and agents possess anti-atherosclerosis properties.
Conclusions:
- Dietary interventions are crucial for managing and preventing cardiovascular disease and atherosclerosis.
- Optimizing dietary patterns in primary care can enhance CVD control.
- Further research into dietary mechanisms can inform effective anti-atherosclerosis strategies.
Abstract:
Cardiovascular disease (CVD), especially atherosclerosis, is the primary cause of global deaths. It accounts for millions of deaths annually. Even a small reduction in CVD through preventive treatment can have a substantial impact. Dietary patterns and substances are strongly linked to chronic diseases such as atherosclerosis, hypertension, heart failure, and type 2 diabetes. An unhealthy diet could lead to traditional risk factors such as LDL levels, TG levels, diabetes, and high blood pressure while accelerating atherosclerosis progression. Recent research has shown the potential of dietary interventions to prevent and treat cardiovascular disease, particularly through healthy dietary patterns such as the Mediterranean diet or DASH. In 2016, the World Health Organization (WHO) and the US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) launched a new initiative aimed at enhancing the prevention and control of cardiovascular disease (CVD) by improving the management of CVD in primary care, including the optimization of dietary patterns. Here, this review summarizes several large cohort researches about the effects of dietary patterns on atherosclerosis, refines dietary components, and outlines some typical anti-atherosclerosis dietary agents. Finally, this review discusses recent mechanisms by which dietary interventions affect atherosclerosis progression.
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