Association between dietary patterns and cardiovascular diseases: A review

Area of Science:

• Nutrition Science
• Cardiovascular Medicine
• Preventive Cardiology

Background:

• Cardiovascular disease (CVD), particularly atherosclerosis, is a leading global cause of mortality.
• Dietary patterns are strongly associated with chronic conditions including atherosclerosis, hypertension, and type 2 diabetes.
• Unhealthy diets contribute to risk factors like high LDL, high TG, diabetes, and hypertension, accelerating atherosclerosis.

Purpose of the Study:

• To review research on dietary patterns' effects on atherosclerosis.
• To identify key dietary components and anti-atherosclerosis agents.
• To discuss mechanisms of dietary intervention in atherosclerosis progression.

Main Methods:

• Review of large cohort studies on diet and atherosclerosis.
• Analysis of dietary patterns, components, and specific anti-atherosclerosis agents.
• Exploration of recent mechanistic insights into dietary effects on atherosclerosis.

Main Results:

• Evidence supports the role of dietary interventions in preventing and treating CVD, especially atherosclerosis.
• Healthy dietary patterns like the Mediterranean and DASH diets show significant benefits.
• Specific dietary components and agents possess anti-atherosclerosis properties.

Conclusions:

• Dietary interventions are crucial for managing and preventing cardiovascular disease and atherosclerosis.
• Optimizing dietary patterns in primary care can enhance CVD control.
• Further research into dietary mechanisms can inform effective anti-atherosclerosis strategies.