Recent Advances in Hydrogenation of CO₂ to CO with Heterogeneous Catalysts Through the RWGS Reaction

With the continuous increase in CO₂ emissions, primarily from the combustion of coal and oil, the ecosystem faces a significant threat. Therefore, as an effective method to minimize the issue, the Reverse Water Gas Shift (RWGS) reaction which converts CO₂ towards CO attracts much attention, is an environmentally-friendly method to mitigate climate change and lessen dependence on fossil fuels. Nevertheless, the inherent thermodynamic stability and kinetic inertness of CO₂ is a big challenge under mild conditions. In addition, it remains another fundamental challenge in RWGS reaction owing to CO selectivity issue caused by CO₂ further hydrogenation towards CH₄ . Up till now, a series of catalysis systems have been developed for CO₂ reduction reaction to produce CO. Herein, the research progress of the well-performed heterogeneous catalysts for the RWGS reaction were summarized, including the catalyst design, catalytic performance and reaction mechanism. This review will provide insights into efficient utilization of CO₂ and promote the development of RWGS reaction.