Protein kinase C and meiotic maturation of surf clam oocytes

We report here that phorbol ester, a potent activator of protein kinase C, induces germinal vesicle breakdown in surf clam oocytes. However, phorbol ester-induced activation is slow and is not accompanied by an increased Ca2+ influx. Simultaneous additions of phorbol ester and various amounts of K+ ions, which induce Ca2+ influx of different amplitudes, result in successful activation within the normal time schedule at K+ concentrations inefficient alone in activating the oocytes. In vivo, increased protein phosphorylation triggered by phorbol ester amounts to about one third that seen after fertilization. These results suggest that increased Ca2+ influx and protein kinase C activation act in synergy to cause resumption of meiotic maturation in these oocytes.