14-3-3ε: a protein with complex physiology function but promising therapeutic potential in cancer

Area of Science:

• Biochemistry
• Molecular Biology
• Cell Biology

Background:

• The 14-3-3 protein family, particularly the 14-3-3ε subtype, is increasingly recognized for its critical roles in numerous physiological processes.
• 14-3-3ε is implicated in signal transduction, cell proliferation, apoptosis, autophagy, cell cycle regulation, cardiac function, neurodevelopment, and innate immunity.
• Dysregulation of 14-3-3ε is linked to the pathogenesis of cardiovascular diseases, inflammatory conditions, neurodegenerative disorders, and cancer.

Discussion:

• This review focuses on the molecular mechanisms governing how 14-3-3ε interacts with and regulates its binding partners.
• Emphasis is placed on recent advancements in understanding these interactions, particularly concerning the less-studied monomeric forms of 14-3-3ε.
• The diverse functions of 14-3-3ε highlight its potential as a therapeutic target for a wide range of diseases.

Key Insights:

• 14-3-3ε exhibits remarkable specificity despite high homology with other subtypes, enabling its diverse regulatory functions.
• The protein's involvement spans fundamental cellular processes and complex disease pathologies.
• Limited research on 14-3-3ε monomers presents an opportunity for novel discoveries in molecular regulation.

Outlook:

• Further investigation into 14-3-3ε monomer mechanisms could unlock new therapeutic avenues.
• Targeting 14-3-3ε interactions may offer innovative treatment strategies for cancer, cardiovascular, and neurodegenerative diseases.
• Advancing the understanding of 14-3-3ε regulation is crucial for developing next-generation therapeutics.