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Related Concept Videos

Targeted Cancer Therapies02:57

Targeted Cancer Therapies

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The targeted cancer therapies, also known as “molecular targeted therapies,” take advantage of the molecular and genetic differences between the cancer cells and the normal cells. It needs a thorough understanding of the cancer cells to develop drugs that can target specific molecular aspects that drive the growth, progression, and spread of cancer cells without affecting the growth and survival of other normal cells in the body.
There are several types of targeted therapies against...
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Cancer Therapies02:49

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Cancer therapies are various modes of treatment, such as surgery, radiation therapy, and chemotherapy that are administered to cancer patients.
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Tumor progression is a phenomenon where the pre-formed tumor acquires successive mutations to become clinically more aggressive and malignant. In the 1950s, Foulds first described the stepwise progression of cancer cells through successive stages.
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jul 4, 2025

A Three-Dimensional Spheroid Model to Investigate the Tumor-Stromal Interaction in Hepatocellular Carcinoma
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Recent Progress in Systemic Therapy for Advanced Hepatocellular Carcinoma.

Narayanan Sadagopan1, Aiwu Ruth He1

  • 1MedStar Georgetown Lombardi Comprehensive Cancer Center, Washington, DC 20007, USA.

International Journal of Molecular Sciences
|January 27, 2024
PubMed
Summary

Advanced hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) treatment is evolving beyond conventional chemotherapy. Current options include immunotherapy and targeted therapies, with combination regimens showing future promise for better patient outcomes.

Keywords:
CAR T-cellsVEGFadvanced HCChepatocellular carcinomaimmunotherapysystemic treatmenttyrosine kinase inhibitors

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Area of Science:

  • Hepatobiliary cancers
  • Medical oncology
  • Immunotherapy

Background:

  • Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) presents complex treatment challenges due to increasing incidence of metabolic dysfunction-related liver disease and drug resistance.
  • Selecting optimal systemic therapy for advanced HCC is difficult, lacking specific biomarkers and facing evolving treatment landscapes.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review current and emerging systemic treatment options for advanced hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC).
  • To discuss challenges in HCC treatment selection and suggest improvements for clinical trial design.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of systemic therapies for advanced HCC.
  • Analysis of current treatment modalities including immunotherapy, tyrosine kinase inhibitors, and VEGF inhibitors.
  • Discussion of novel approaches in early-stage clinical trials.

Main Results:

  • Conventional chemotherapy is rarely used; immunotherapy and targeted therapies are standard for advanced HCC.
  • Immune checkpoint inhibitors are under clinical evaluation, with three-drug regimens potentially representing future treatment strategies.
  • Emerging immunotherapies like CAR-T cells and vaccines are in early trials, indicating a growing field.

Conclusions:

  • The treatment landscape for advanced HCC is shifting towards immunotherapy and targeted agents, moving away from older chemotherapy regimens.
  • Future clinical trials should utilize comparators beyond sorafenib to accurately assess novel therapeutic advancements.
  • Personalized treatment selection in HCC requires further biomarker development and exploration of combination therapies.