Animal Models for Limbal Stem Cell Deficiency: A Critical Narrative Literature Review.

Area of Science:

• Ophthalmology
• Regenerative Medicine
• Translational Research

Background:

• Limbal stem cell deficiency (LSCD) is a vision-threatening condition requiring effective treatments.
• Current research relies heavily on animal models, but significant inconsistencies exist.
• Standardization is lacking in model creation, evaluation timing, and therapeutic testing.

Purpose of the Study:

• To critically review existing animal models for LSCD.
• To identify highlights, potential pitfalls, and neglected aspects of LSCD research models.
• To provide recommendations for future research and clinical translation.

Main Methods:

• Comprehensive literature review of published LSCD animal models.
• Analysis of methodological heterogeneity in model induction and validation.
• Evaluation of species-specific advantages and disadvantages for LSCD modeling.

Main Results:

• Significant variability in LSCD model induction (chemical, thermal) and resulting pathology (total vs. partial LSCD, scarring vs. neovascularization).
• Inconsistent reporting of experimental conditions, including anesthesia, animal gender, and post-induction care.
• Species choice (rats, mice, rabbits) impacts model validity and clinical translatability.

Conclusions:

• Standardization of LSCD animal models is crucial for reliable research and therapeutic development.
• Addressing neglected factors like anesthesia and animal gender can enhance model robustness.
• Future research should focus on refining existing models and developing novel approaches for better clinical translation.