Pelvic arteriovenous malformation causing per rectal haemorrhage - A case report

Area of Science:

• Vascular Surgery
• Interventional Radiology
• Gastroenterology

Background:

• Pelvic arteriovenous malformations (AVMs) are rare vascular anomalies.
• They present a significant therapeutic challenge due to their variability.
• Per rectal bleeding is an uncommon but serious presentation of pelvic AVMs.

Observation:

• A 17-year-old female presented with severe per rectal hemorrhage.
• Diagnostic imaging revealed a pelvic AVM and secondary hemorrhoids.
• The patient had no prior history of bleeding or hemorrhoids.

Findings:

• A multidisciplinary team opted for angioembolisation of the rectal AVM and precautionary hemorrhoid banding.
• Post-procedure imaging demonstrated a significant reduction in the AVM.
• Angioembolisation is a primary treatment for pelvic AVMs, often requiring multiple sessions.

Implications:

• Complex pelvic AVMs necessitate a multidisciplinary approach and precise radiological planning.
• Interventional radiological procedures like angioembolisation are increasingly vital for managing pelvic AVMs.
• While effective, angioembolisation may require multiple treatments and can involve postoperative complications.