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Related Concept Videos

The Nucleolus02:55

The Nucleolus

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The nucleolus is the most prominent substructure of the nucleus. When it was first discovered, it was considered to be an isolated organelle that forms fibrils and granules. In 1931, the relationship between the nucleolus and chromosomes was first described by Heitz. He observed that the appearance and size of nucleolus varies depending on the stage of the cell cycle. He also noticed constricted regions on different chromosomes clustered together at definite cell cycle stages. These regions,...
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Eukaryotic Compartmentalization01:37

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One of the distinguishing features of eukaryotic cells is that they contain membrane-bound organelles, such as the nucleus and mitochondria, that carry out specialized functions. Since biological membranes are only selectively permeable to solutes, they help create a compartment with controlled conditions inside an organelle. These microenvironments are tailored to the organelle's specific functions and help isolate them from the surrounding cytosol.
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Nuclear Protein Sorting01:34

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Nuclear protein sorting is the selective trafficking of histones, polymerases, gene regulatory proteins into the nucleus and exporting RNAs and ribosomes to the cytosol. It is a tightly controlled process that regulates gene expression within a cell.
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Additional Subnuclear Structures02:10

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The eukaryotic nucleus is a double membrane-bound organelle that contains nearly all of the cell’s genetic material in the form of chromosomes. It is rightly called the “brain” of the cell as it shoulders the responsibility of responding to various physiological processes, stress, altered metabolic conditions, and other cellular signals. 
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Regulation of Nuclear Protein Sorting01:45

Regulation of Nuclear Protein Sorting

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Nuclear protein sorting regulates nucleus composition and gene expression, crucial for determining the fate of a eukaryotic cell. Hence, the entry and exit of molecules across the nuclear envelope is a tightly controlled process. Nuclear protein sorting can be inhibited by one of the following ways: 1) masking cargo signal sequences, 2) modifying the nuclear receptor's affinity for cargo, 3) controlling the nuclear pore size, 4) retaining the cargo during its transit to the cytosol or the...
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The Nucleus01:25

The Nucleus

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The nucleus is a membrane-bound organelle that acts as a control center in a eukaryotic cell. It contains chromosomal DNA, which controls gene expression and precisely regulates the production of proteins within the cell. In contrast, the DNA inside the mitochondria and chloroplast only carries out functions that are specific to those organelles.
Arrangement of DNA within Nucleus
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The perinucleolar compartment: structure, function, and utility in anti-cancer drug development.

Eugene V Makeyev1, Sui Huang2

  • 1Centre for Developmental Neurobiology, King's College London, London, UK.

Nucleus (Austin, Tex.)
|January 28, 2024
PubMed
Summary

The perinucleolar compartment (PNC), a nuclear structure, is linked to cancer progression and metastasis. Its presence correlates with worse patient outcomes, making it a target for anti-cancer therapies.

Keywords:
Anti-cancer drug developmentPNCRNA binding proteinsnon-coding RNAnucleolus

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Area of Science:

  • Cell Biology
  • Oncology
  • Molecular Biology

Background:

  • The perinucleolar compartment (PNC) was first identified as a nuclear structure rich in polypyrimidine tract-binding protein.
  • The PNC has since been recognized for its significant role in carcinogenesis.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To summarize the current understanding of the perinucleolar compartment's structure and function.
  • To highlight the PNC's established links to cancer progression and metastasis.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review and synthesis of existing research on the PNC.
  • Analysis of studies investigating the PNC's composition and role in cancer.

Main Results:

  • PNC prevalence correlates positively with cancer progression and worse patient outcomes.
  • The PNC is a nuclear body at the nucleolus periphery, composed of non-coding RNAs and RNA-binding proteins.
  • The PNC serves as a potential biomarker for anti-cancer drug efficacy, with a clinical candidate developed for anti-metastasis therapies.

Conclusions:

  • The perinucleolar compartment is a key player in cancer progression and metastasis.
  • Understanding the PNC's structure and function offers therapeutic opportunities in oncology.
  • The PNC holds promise as a prognostic marker and a target for novel anti-cancer drug development.