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Cutaneous Histiocytosis in an Eastern Gray Squirrel (Sciurus carolinensis).

Kelsey R Brown1, Lorelei L Clarke1,2, Molly Lien3

  • 1Department of Pathobiological Sciences, University of Wisconsin-Madison, School of Veterinary Medicine, 2015 Linden Dr., Madison, Wisconsin 53706, USA.

Journal of Wildlife Diseases
|January 28, 2024
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Summary

A wild Eastern gray squirrel developed ulcerated skin masses on its ears. Histologic and immunohistochemical analysis confirmed cutaneous histiocytosis, a rare skin condition in squirrels. The condition resolved spontaneously in the affected squirrel.

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Area of Science:

  • Veterinary Dermatology
  • Wildlife Pathology
  • Mammalian Histopathology

Background:

  • Eastern gray squirrels (Sciurus carolinensis) are common North American rodents.
  • Cutaneous masses can affect wildlife, impacting their health and survival.
  • Histiocytosis is a group of disorders characterized by the abnormal proliferation of histiocytes.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To diagnose and characterize cutaneous masses in a free-ranging Eastern gray squirrel.
  • To investigate the potential cause of ulcerated skin lesions on the pinnae.
  • To document a case of cutaneous histiocytosis in this species.

Main Methods:

  • Clinical presentation of ulcerated masses at the base of both pinnae.
  • Surgical excision and subsequent histologic examination of one mass.
  • Immunohistochemical analysis of the excised tissue.
  • Monitoring of the contralateral mass for spontaneous changes.

Main Results:

  • Histologic and immunohistochemical findings confirmed cutaneous histiocytosis.
  • The contralateral mass showed spontaneous resolution prior to the animal's release.
  • The diagnosis was supported by the resolution of the second lesion.

Conclusions:

  • Cutaneous histiocytosis is a potential diagnosis for ulcerated pinnal masses in Eastern gray squirrels.
  • Spontaneous resolution may occur in some cases of cutaneous histiocytosis in squirrels.
  • This case highlights the importance of considering histiocytic disorders in wildlife dermatology.