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The effect of vitamin K supplementation on cardiovascular risk factors: a systematic review and meta-analysis
Qiu-Yan Zhao1, Qiu Li2, Minoo Hasan Rashedi3
1Department of Nephrology, the First People's Hospital of Shuangliu District (West China Airport Hospital of Sichuan University), Chengdu, 610041, China.
Insights
Vitamin K supplementation may improve insulin resistance, but has no significant impact on other cardiovascular disease risk factors like glucose or lipid profiles. Further research into Vitamin K2
Area of Science:
- Cardiovascular health and metabolic syndrome research.
Background:
- Cardiovascular disease (CVD) poses a significant mortality risk, necessitating control of related factors like metabolic and inflammatory biomarkers.
- Understanding the impact of nutritional interventions, such as vitamin K supplementation, is crucial for CVD risk management.
Approach:
- A systematic review and meta-analysis of 17 randomized clinical trials (RCTs) was conducted.
- Standard keywords were used to search databases for relevant RCTs on vitamin K and CVD risk factors.
- Pooled weighted mean difference (WMD) with 95% confidence intervals (CI) were calculated using random-model effect analysis.
Key Points:
- Vitamin K supplementation significantly reduced homeostatic model assessment insulin resistance (HOMA-IR) (WMD: -0.24, 95% CI: -0.49, -0.02, P = 0.047) compared to placebo.
- Vitamin K2 supplementation showed a significant effect on HOMA-IR, whereas Vitamin K1 did not demonstrate a significant impact on this or other variables.
- No significant effects were observed for vitamin K supplementation on anthropometric indexes, C-reactive protein (CRP), glucose metabolism, or lipid profile factors, except for HOMA-IR.
Conclusions:
- Vitamin K supplementation demonstrates a potential benefit in improving insulin resistance (HOMA-IR).
- Current evidence does not support a significant role for vitamin K in modifying other key cardiovascular risk factors.
- Further investigation into the specific forms of vitamin K, like K2, may be warranted for metabolic health benefits.
Abstract:
Cardiovascular disease (CVD) is one of the most important diseases which controlling its related risk factors, such as metabolic and inflammatory biomarkers, is necessary because of the increased mortality risk of that. The aim of our meta-analysis is to reveal the general effect of vitamin K supplementation on its related risk factors. Original databases were searched using standard keywords to identify all randomized clinical trials (RCTs) investigating the effects of vitamin K on CVD. Pooled weighted mean difference (WMD) and 95 % confidence intervals (95 % CI) were achieved by random-model effect analysis for the best estimation of outcomes. The statistical heterogeneity was determined using the Cochran's Q test and I2 statistics. Seventeen studies were included in this systematic review and meta-analysis. The pooled findings showed that vitamin K supplementation can reduce homeostatic model assessment insulin resistance (HOMA-IR) (WMD: -0⋅24, 95 % CI: -0⋅49, -0⋅02, P = 0⋅047) significantly compared to the placebo group. However, no significant effect was observed on other outcomes. Subgroup analysis showed a significant effect of vitamin K2 supplementation compared to vitamin K1 supplementation on HOMA-IR. However, no significant effect was observed on other variables. Also, subgroup analysis showed no potential effect of vitamin K supplementation on any outcome and omitting any articles did not affect the final results. We demonstrated that supplementation with vitamin K has no effect on anthropometrics indexes, CRP, glucose metabolism, and lipid profile factors except HOMA-IR.
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