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Intraocular pressure during cardiopulmonary bypass
The British Journal of Ophthalmology
|March 1, 1987
Summary
Cardiopulmonary bypass surgery causes a rapid rise in intraocular pressure due to hemodilution. This increase in eye pressure may be linked to ischemic optic neuropathy after surgery.
Area of Science:
- Ophthalmology
- Cardiovascular Surgery
- Physiology
Background:
- Cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB) is a complex procedure.
- Ocular complications, including ischemic optic neuropathy, can occur after CPB.
- The intraocular pressure (IOP) dynamics during CPB are not fully understood.
Purpose of the Study:
- To measure intraocular pressure (IOP) during elective cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB) surgery.
- To investigate the relationship between CPB, hemodilution, and IOP changes.
- To explore the potential link between IOP changes and ischemic optic neuropathy.
Main Methods:
- Intraocular pressure was measured in 24 patients undergoing elective CPB.
- Simultaneous measurements of arterial perfusion pressure and packed cell volume were recorded.
- The study observed IOP changes during the initiation and maintenance of bypass circulation.
Main Results:
- A rapid and sustained rise in intraocular pressure was observed upon initiation of CPB.
- This IOP increase coincided with a drop in arterial perfusion pressure and packed cell volume.
- Marked hemodilution was identified as the likely cause of the observed IOP changes.
Conclusions:
- Hemodilution during CPB significantly increases intraocular pressure.
- Increased ocular blood flow and low colloidal osmotic pressure contribute to elevated IOP.
- These IOP changes may have etiological significance in the development of ischemic optic neuropathy post-CPB.