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Slightly acidic electrolyzed water inhibits inflammation induced by membrane vesicles of Staphylococcus aureus
Yuko Shimamura1, Yukino Oura1, Madoka Tsuchiya1
1School of Food and Nutritional Sciences, University of Shizuoka, Shizuoka, Japan.
Abstract:
Staphylococcus aureus grows in the skin of patients with atopic dermatitis and the associated symptoms are induced by membrane vesicles (MVs). This study explored the effects of slightly acidic electrolyzed water (SAEW) on the expression of virulence factors of S. aureus and MV-induced inflammation to uncover the potential of SAEW as a new treatment method for atopic dermatitis. Expression levels of genes related to virulence factors in S. aureus was assessed and S. aureus-derived MVs were characterized. Moreover, expression level of MV-induced Type I allergic reaction-related genes in RBL2H3 cells was also assessed. Significantly decreased staphylococcal enterotoxin A production and decreased virulence factor-related gene expression were observed after culturing S. aureus in broth supplemented with SAEW at ratios of 1, 2, and 5 per broth. MVs prepared by culturing S. aureus in SAEW-supplemented broth exhibited altered particle size and markedly reduced staphylococcal enterotoxin A content under all addition conditions; moreover, those obtained at a ratio of 1:5 (broth:SAEW) exhibited a reduction in the expression of several proteins associated with hemolytic activity and free iron uptake. The MVs prepared in SAEW-supplemented broth also exhibited remarkably reduced allergy-related gene expression levels in rat cell lines derived from basophilic leukemia-2H3 cells. Overall, SAEW is expected to suppress atopic dermatitis symptoms through the alteration of the properties of S. aureus-derived MVs.
Insights
Slightly acidic electrolyzed water (SAEW) reduces virulence factors and inflammation caused by Staphylococcus aureus membrane vesicles (MVs). This suggests SAEW could be a novel treatment for atopic dermatitis by altering MVs.
Area of Science:
- Microbiology
- Immunology
- Dermatology
Background:
- Staphylococcus aureus contributes to atopic dermatitis symptoms via membrane vesicles (MVs).
- Investigating novel treatments for atopic dermatitis is crucial.
Purpose of the Study:
- To evaluate the impact of slightly acidic electrolyzed water (SAEW) on S. aureus virulence factors.
- To assess SAEW's effect on MV-induced inflammation relevant to atopic dermatitis.
Main Methods:
- Culturing S. aureus in SAEW-supplemented broth.
- Characterizing S. aureus-derived MVs.
- Assessing virulence gene expression and MV-induced allergic responses in RBL2H3 cells.
Main Results:
- SAEW significantly reduced staphylococcal enterotoxin A production and virulence gene expression.
- SAEW altered MV particle size and decreased enterotoxin A content.
- MVs cultured in SAEW showed reduced hemolytic activity and allergy-related gene expression.
Conclusions:
- SAEW effectively suppresses S. aureus virulence factors and MV production.
- SAEW demonstrates potential as a therapeutic agent for atopic dermatitis by modulating S. aureus MVs.
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