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Sexually Transmitted Infections01:26

Sexually Transmitted Infections

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Sexually transmitted infections (STIs) are diseases transmitted primarily through unsafe sexual interactions. Bacteria, viruses, or parasites cause them and can result in severe health complications if untreated.ChlamydiaThe bacterium Chlamydia trachomatis is responsible for the disease Chlamydia, the most common STI in the United States. This peculiar pathogen requires human cells to reproduce, residing intracellularly. The initial infection often goes unnoticed because it typically does not...
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Men's health issues are increasingly recognized as significant, with several conditions posing common threats. Among these, testicular cancer is especially prevalent in younger men, particularly those aged 20 to 35 years. The disease often manifests as a painless mass in the testicles, sometimes accompanied by a sensation of heaviness or a dull ache.
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There have been five major extinction events throughout geological history, resulting in the elimination of biodiversity, followed by a rebound of species that adapted to the new conditions. In the current geological epoch, the Holocene, there is a sixth extinction event in progress. This mass extinction has been attributed to human activities and is thus provisionally called the Anthropocene. In 2019 the human population reached 7.7 billion people and is projected to comprise 10 billion by...
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Retroviruses and retrotransposons both insert copies of their genetic elements into the genome of the host cell. Thus, the viral genes are passed on when the host genome is replicated or translated. A typical retroviral DNA sequence contains 3-4 genes that encode the different proteins required for its structural assembly and function as a molecular parasite. This DNA is transcribed into a single mRNA, which is very similar in structure to conventional mRNAs, i.e., it is capped at the 5’...
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Syphilis: Is it Back with a Bang?

Shruti Kamat1, Aditi Vaghasia1, J Dharmender1

  • 1Department of Skin and V. D., Civil Hospital, B J Medical College, Ahmedabad, Gujarat, India.

Indian Dermatology Online Journal
|January 29, 2024
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Syphilis incidence is rising, with secondary and latent stages showing an upward trend. Increased awareness of safe sexual practices is crucial for controlling this resurgence.

Keywords:
Human immunodeficiency virusresurgencesexually transmitted diseasessyphilis

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Area of Science:

  • Infectious Diseases
  • Epidemiology
  • Public Health

Background:

  • Syphilis, once controlled by penicillin, is experiencing a resurgence globally.
  • The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) has reported an increasing incidence of syphilis.
  • Understanding the current clinical and epidemiological profile is vital for effective public health interventions.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the clinical and epidemiological characteristics of syphilis patients.
  • To analyze the demographic, clinical, and laboratory data of individuals diagnosed with syphilis.
  • To identify trends in syphilis presentation and co-infections at a tertiary care sexually transmitted infection (STI) clinic.

Main Methods:

  • An observational, cross-sectional study was conducted.
  • Data from syphilis patients attending an STI clinic between August 2019 and July 2021 were analyzed.
  • Sociodemographic, clinical, and investigational information was collected and examined.

Main Results:

  • Syphilis was diagnosed in 15.04% of 1330 STI clinic attendees, with 72% being male.
  • Secondary syphilis (44.5%) and latent syphilis (30.5%) were the most common stages observed.
  • HIV co-infection was present in 16.5% of patients, and herpes genitalis was the most frequent co-infection.

Conclusions:

  • India faces a rising syphilis prevalence driven by changing risk behaviors, stigma, and improved diagnostics.
  • Secondary and latent syphilis stages show a notable increasing trend.
  • Public awareness regarding safe sexual practices and contraception is essential to curb the current syphilis epidemic.