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Postural balance disorders in sarcopenia based on surface electromyography.

Ting Zhang1,2, Yang Huo3, Wenjing Yin3

  • 1Medical Technology School, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, 221004, China.

Heliyon
|January 29, 2024
PubMed
Summary

Older adults with sarcopenia exhibit poorer balance and altered muscle strategies, including dominant ankle dorsiflexion and overactive tibialis anterior. These changes highlight potential targets for improving balance in this population.

Keywords:
Force platformMuscle fatiguePostural balanceSarcopeniaSurface electromyography

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Area of Science:

  • Gerontology
  • Biomechanics
  • Neurology

Background:

  • Sarcopenia is a key factor contributing to balance disorders and falls in the elderly.
  • The specific postural balance deficits associated with sarcopenia require further characterization.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the balance performance and postural control strategies in older adults with sarcopenia.
  • To analyze static stance tasks using force platforms and surface electromyography.

Main Methods:

  • Recruited 27 older adults with sarcopenia and 27 healthy controls with right-sided dominance.
  • Measured postural sway under various conditions (eyes open/closed, rigid/compliant surfaces).
  • Recorded time- and frequency-domain indexes of bilateral lower extremity muscle activity.

Main Results:

  • Increased postural sway and lower extremity muscle activity in the sarcopenia group.
  • Significant group differences in the amplitude contribution of the right tibialis anterior and co-contraction of the right ankle dorsiflexion.
  • Altered muscle activity (mean power frequency, median frequency) in the left gluteus maximus of the sarcopenia group.
  • Identified specific muscle activity patterns that discriminate sarcopenia and correlate with balance function.

Conclusions:

  • Older adults with sarcopenia demonstrate reduced balance function and increased physiological cost.
  • They adopt a postural strategy favoring dominant ankle dorsiflexion with overactive tibialis anterior and fatigue-prone gluteus maximus.
  • Targeting these specific postural control features may enhance balance in individuals with sarcopenia.