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Worker exposure to solvents during spraying and drying is a health risk. Time-resolved measurements revealed that ventilation significantly impacts solvent concentrations, highlighting the need for improved exposure models for workplace safety.

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Area of Science:

  • Occupational hygiene
  • Environmental chemistry
  • Industrial process monitoring

Background:

  • Spraying occupational products poses health risks due to airborne particles and gases.
  • Accurate exposure assessment is crucial for worker safety.
  • Existing exposure models may not fully capture real-world conditions.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate workplace exposure to solvents during spraying and drying using time-resolved measurements.
  • To compare real-time exposure data with predictions from established exposure models.
  • To identify limitations in current models and suggest improvements.

Main Methods:

  • Utilized proton transfer reaction time-of-flight mass spectrometry (PTR-ToF-MS) with 1-second resolution.
  • Monitored gas-phase concentrations of specific solvents (acetone, ethanol, butyl acetate, xylene, 1-methoxy-2-propyl acetate).
  • Conducted measurements during outdoor spraying and indoor drying under varied ventilation conditions.

Main Results:

  • During spraying, volatile solvents (acetone, ethanol) dominated exposure, influenced by wind.
  • Drying phase exposure was ventilation-dependent; high ventilation led to rapid solvent decay.
  • Low ventilation during drying caused solvent concentrations to peak, sometimes exceeding spraying exposure levels.
  • Compared to models: ECETOC TRA and Stoffenmanager were within range but not always conservative.
  • ART overestimated volatile solvent exposure and underestimated 1M2PA in one instance.
  • ECETOC TRA and ART lack drying phase prediction; Stoffenmanager's drying prediction is limited.

Conclusions:

  • Both spray cloud dynamics and solvent evaporation during drying are critical exposure factors.
  • Current exposure models have limitations in predicting real-world solvent concentrations, especially during drying.
  • Enhanced models and comprehensive datasets are needed for accurate workplace exposure assessment and improved safety.