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Pediatric Posterior Reversible Encephalopathy Syndrome: A Review With Emphasis on Neuroimaging Characteristics
1Department of Internal Medicine, Taif University, Taif, SAU.
Insights
Posterior reversible encephalopathy syndrome (PRES) is a neurological disorder affecting children, often triggered by high blood pressure or medications. Early diagnosis via MRI is key, though research on pediatric PRES needs expansion.
Area of Science:
- Neurology
- Pediatrics
- Radiology
Background:
- Posterior reversible encephalopathy syndrome (PRES) is a neurological condition with unknown exact causes.
- Commonly associated with hypertension, kidney dysfunction, and certain medications.
- PRES presents with seizures, headaches, and visual disturbances.
Purpose of the Study:
- To review the current literature on pediatric PRES.
- To highlight age-dependent differences in pediatric PRES.
- To identify gaps in knowledge and suggest future research directions.
Main Methods:
- Literature review focusing on pediatric PRES.
- Analysis of diagnostic role of Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI).
- Examination of clinical and radiological features.
Main Results:
- Pediatric PRES shows age-dependent variations in triggers, imaging, and clinical course.
- Lesions are typically in posterior white matter but can be atypical.
- PRES is generally reversible but carries risks of permanent damage.
Conclusions:
- Further research is needed to understand pediatric PRES mechanisms.
- Distinct clinical and radiological features require delineation.
- Precise diagnostic and management strategies for pediatric patients are necessary.
Abstract:
Posterior reversible encephalopathy syndrome (PRES) is a neurological disorder characterized by the sudden onset of seizures, headaches, and visual disturbances. Its exact cause is unknown, but several triggers and associated conditions are identified, including high blood pressure, kidney dysfunction, and various medications. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) plays a crucial role in diagnosis due to its high sensitivity and specificity for detecting characteristic features. Pediatric PRES exhibit age-dependent differences in triggers, radiological findings, and clinical course. The lesions typically involve the posterior cortical and subcortical white matter, but atypical locations and features are also observed. While generally reversible with appropriate treatment, PRES carries a risk of permanent neurological damage. Despite increasing cases, the current literature on pediatric PRES remains limited. This review highlights the need for further research to understand the mechanisms, delineate distinct clinical and radiological features, and develop precise diagnostic and management strategies for pediatric patients.
