Aflatoxin B1 induces infertility, fetal deformities, and potential therapies
Sullibie Francis1, Nii Korley Kortei2, Marian Sackey3
1Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Ho Teaching Hospital, P.O. Box MA-374, Ho, Ghana.
Abstract:
Aflatoxin B1 (AFB1) is a subsidiary poisonous metabolite, archetypally spawned by Aspergillus flavus and A. parasiticus, which are often isolated in warm or tropical countries across the world. AFB1 is capable of disrupting the functioning of several reproductive endocrine glands by interrupting the enzymes and their substrates that are liable for the synthesis of various hormones in both males and females. In men, AFB1 is capable of hindering testicular development, testicular degeneration, and reduces reproductive capabilities. In women, a direct antagonistic interaction of AFB1 with steroid hormone receptors influencing gonadal hormone production of estrogen and progesterone was responsible for AFB1-associated infertility. AFB1 is potentially teratogenic and is responsible for the development of malformation in humans and animals. Soft-tissue anomalies such as internal hydrocephalus, microphthalmia, cardiac defects, augmented liver lobes, reproductive changes, immune modifications, behavioral changes and predisposition of animals and humans to neoplasm development are AFB1-associated anomalies. Substances such as esculin, selenium, gynandra extract, vitamins C and E, oltipraz, and CDDO-Im are potential therapies for AFB1. Thus, this review elucidates the pivotal pathogenic roles of AFB1 in infertility, fetal deformities, and potential therapies because AFB1 toxicity is a key problem globally.
Insights
Aflatoxin B1 (AFB1), a toxic mold byproduct, harms reproductive health and causes fetal deformities in humans and animals. Research explores AFB1
Area of Science:
- Toxicology and Reproductive Endocrinology
- Mycotoxicology and Developmental Biology
Background:
- Aflatoxin B1 (AFB1) is a toxic metabolite produced by Aspergillus species, prevalent in tropical regions.
- AFB1 disrupts reproductive endocrine glands by interfering with hormone synthesis in both sexes.
- AFB1 exposure is linked to infertility, teratogenic effects, and various anomalies in humans and animals.
Purpose of the Study:
- To review the pathogenic roles of AFB1 in infertility and fetal deformities.
- To elucidate potential therapeutic strategies against AFB1 toxicity.
Main Methods:
- Literature review of studies on AFB1 toxicity and its effects on reproductive systems.
- Analysis of AFB1's mechanisms of action on hormone production and fetal development.
- Compilation of reported therapeutic interventions for AFB1 exposure.
Main Results:
- AFB1 impairs male reproductive capabilities by hindering testicular development and function.
- AFB1 causes female infertility through antagonistic interactions with steroid hormone receptors, affecting estrogen and progesterone.
- AFB1 is teratogenic, leading to anomalies like hydrocephalus, microphthalmia, cardiac defects, and increased neoplasm risk.
Conclusions:
- AFB1 poses a significant global health threat due to its reproductive toxicity and teratogenic potential.
- Several substances including esculin, selenium, and vitamins C and E show promise as potential therapies against AFB1 toxicity.
- Further research is warranted to develop effective strategies to mitigate AFB1-associated health issues.
Related Concept Videos
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01:23Infertility in Males
01:36Types of Toxins
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