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Expectancy and outcome in prescriptive vs. exploratory psychotherapy.

L A Morrison, D A Shapiro

    The British Journal of Clinical Psychology
    |February 1, 1987
    PubMed
    Summary
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    Client expectations and outcomes favored prescriptive therapy initially, but not later. Credibility correlated modestly with improvement, suggesting treatment effects, not just expectations, drive results in therapy.

    Area of Science:

    • Psychology
    • Psychotherapy Research
    • Clinical Psychology

    Background:

    • Client perceptions of therapy credibility significantly influence treatment outcomes.
    • Understanding the relationship between therapeutic expectancy and clinical improvement is crucial for optimizing interventions.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To compare client ratings of credibility for prescriptive and exploratory therapies.
    • To correlate these credibility ratings with observed clinical improvement.
    • To investigate the causal relationship between therapeutic expectancy and treatment outcomes.

    Main Methods:

    • A cross-over design was employed to compare two therapy types.
    • Client credibility ratings and clinical improvement measures were collected.
    • Regression analysis was used to assess the impact of expectancy on outcome.

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    Main Results:

    • Both expectancies and outcomes favored prescriptive therapy during the initial treatment period.
    • This trend reversed in the second period of the cross-over design.
    • Modest correlations were found between credibility ratings and clinical improvement.

    Conclusions:

    • Therapeutic expectancy and credibility show a modest but complex relationship with clinical improvement.
    • Regression analysis indicates that the treatment effect is a primary driver of outcome, with expectancy playing a secondary role.