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Wetlands as a potential multifunctioning tool to mitigate eutrophication and brownification.

Anna Borgström1, Lars-Anders Hansson1,2, Clemens Klante3,4

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Ecological Applications : a Publication of the Ecological Society of America
|January 29, 2024
PubMed
Summary

Wetlands can mitigate eutrophication and brownification by reducing nutrients, total organic carbon (TOC), and water color. While generalist wetlands reduce all four, specialist wetlands show higher efficiency for individual parameters.

Keywords:
brownificationconstructed wetlandseutrophicationmitigation effortmultifunctionalitynitrogenphosphorusremoval efficiencyremoval ratetotal organic carbonwater color

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Area of Science:

  • Environmental Science
  • Ecology
  • Water Resource Management

Background:

  • Eutrophication and brownification are significant environmental issues impacting aquatic ecosystems.
  • Anthropogenic activities increase nutrient and total organic carbon (TOC) loads, altering water quality.
  • Existing research on wetland capabilities primarily focuses on nutrient reduction, with limited data on TOC and water color mitigation.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To evaluate the multifunctional potential of wetlands in mitigating both eutrophication and brownification.
  • To assess the reduction efficiencies of wetlands for total nitrogen (TN), total phosphorus (TP), TOC, and water color.
  • To compare the performance of generalist wetlands (reducing all parameters) versus specialist wetlands (reducing fewer parameters).

Main Methods:

  • A 18-month study was conducted across nine diverse wetland ecosystems.
  • Concentrations of TN, TP, TOC, and water color were monitored to quantify reduction efficiencies.
  • Seasonal variations in wetland performance were analyzed, comparing summer and winter efficiencies.

Main Results:

  • Wetlands demonstrated varying efficiencies in reducing TN, TP, TOC, and water color, with higher performance generally observed during summer.
  • Some wetlands effectively reduced all four parameters simultaneously, acting as multifunctional mitigation tools.
  • Generalist wetlands showed lower efficiency for individual parameters compared to specialist wetlands that targeted one or two parameters.

Conclusions:

  • Wetlands can serve as multifunctional tools to combat both eutrophication and brownification in aquatic systems.
  • The design of generalist wetlands requires further investigation to optimize their mitigation capacity.
  • Utilizing a series of specialist wetlands within a catchment may offer an alternative strategy for comprehensive water quality improvement.