Covid 19 and diabetes in children: advances and strategies

Area of Science:

• Endocrinology
• Virology
• Immunology

Background:

• The COVID-19 pandemic correlated with increased new-onset diabetes and diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA).
• Children with type 1 diabetes (T1D) experienced challenges in glucose control during this period.
• Underlying mechanisms linking COVID-19 and diabetes remain under investigation.

Purpose of the Study:

• To review studies examining the incidence of diabetes and DKA during the COVID-19 pandemic.
• To explore potential mechanisms contributing to T1D development post-COVID-19.
• To propose strategies for preventing and treating diabetes in children affected by COVID-19.

Main Methods:

• Systematic review of studies on diabetes and DKA incidence during the pandemic.
• Analysis of various metrics including data collection timing and diagnostic criteria.
• Inclusion of in vivo and in vitro research on COVID-19's impact on diabetes.

Main Results:

• A higher incidence of diabetes and DKA was observed during the pandemic.
• Identified contributing factors include direct viral damage, metabolic dysfunction, and immune responses.
• Evidence suggests these factors play a role in T1D development following COVID-19 infection.

Conclusions:

• Significant correlations exist between COVID-19 and new-onset diabetes.
• Clinical and basic research provide insights for managing diabetes during pandemics.
• Recommendations for treatment and prevention strategies are offered for future pandemic preparedness.