Novel Targeted Therapies for Rheumatoid Arthritis Based on Intracellular Signalling and Immunometabolic Changes: A...

Area of Science:

• Immunology
• Rheumatology
• Molecular Biology

Background:

• Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is a prevalent autoimmune disease affecting approximately 1% of the global population.
• Characterized by symmetrical inflammatory arthritis, RA leads to significant bone and cartilage damage due to dysregulated immune responses.
• Biologics-based therapies have improved quality of life, but treatment resistance remains a challenge.

Purpose of the Study:

• To review the roles of key intracellular signaling pathways implicated in rheumatoid arthritis (RA) progression.
• To provide a framework for optimizing current RA therapies and developing novel molecular inhibitors.
• To enhance precision medicine strategies for difficult-to-treat and multidrug-resistant RA cases.

Main Methods:

• This review synthesizes current research on intracellular signaling pathways in RA pathogenesis.
• It examines the involvement of immune cells, cytokines, and metabolic reprogramming.
• The focus is on pathways relevant to disease progression and therapeutic targeting.

Main Results:

• Dysregulated immune responses involving T-cells, B-cells, and dendritic cells are central to RA.
• Specific signaling pathways and metabolic reprogramming significantly contribute to RA disease progression.
• Targeting these pathways offers potential for new therapeutic strategies.

Conclusions:

• A deeper understanding of intracellular signaling pathways in RA is crucial for advancing precision medicine.
• Identifying molecular inhibitors for these pathways could overcome resistance to current treatments.
• This knowledge will benefit patients with difficult-to-treat and multidrug-resistant rheumatoid arthritis.