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lncRNA - Long Non-coding RNAs02:39

lncRNA - Long Non-coding RNAs

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Gene expression can be regulated at almost every step from gene to protein. Transcription is the step that is most commonly regulated. This involves the binding of proteins to short regulatory sequences on the DNA. This association can either promote or inhibit the transcription of a gene associated with the respective sequence.
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The gene expression in cells is regulated at different stages: (i) transcription, (ii) RNA processing, (iii) RNA localization, and (iv) translation. Transcriptional regulation is mediated by regulatory proteins such as transcription factors, activators, or repressors—these control gene expression by initiating or inhibiting the transcription of genes. Once a precursor or pre-mRNA is produced, it undergoes post-transcriptional modification, including 5' capping, splicing, and the...
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Three main types of RNA are involved in protein synthesis: messenger RNA (mRNA), transfer RNA (tRNA), and ribosomal RNA (rRNA). These RNAs perform diverse functions and can be broadly classified as protein-coding or non-coding RNA. Non-coding RNAs play important roles in regulating gene expression in response to developmental and environmental changes. Non-coding RNAs in prokaryotes can be manipulated to develop more effective antibacterial drugs for human or animal use.
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RNA interference (RNAi) is a cellular mechanism that inhibits gene expression by suppressing its transcription or activating the RNA degradation process. The mechanism was discovered by Andrew Fire and Craig Mello in 1998 in plants. Today, it is observed in almost all eukaryotes, including protozoa, flies, nematodes, insects, parasites, and mammals. This precise cellular mechanism of gene silencing has been developed into a technique that provides an efficient way to identify and determine the...
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Frontiers and Challenges of Computing ncRNAs Biogenesis, Function and Modulation.

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Non-coding RNAs (ncRNAs) are crucial regulators of gene expression involved in diseases. This review highlights computational methods for studying ncRNA biogenesis, function, and therapeutic targeting.

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Area of Science:

  • Genomics and Molecular Biology
  • Bioinformatics and Computational Biology

Background:

  • Non-coding RNAs (ncRNAs) constitute the vast majority of the human genome and play critical roles in gene regulation.
  • ncRNAs are implicated in diverse physiological and pathological processes, including neuronal disorders, immune responses, cardiovascular diseases, and cancer.
  • Emerging evidence positions ncRNAs as significant disease biomarkers and potential therapeutic targets.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To provide an overview of ncRNA roles in cellular homeostasis.
  • To illustrate the capabilities and limitations of current computational methods for studying ncRNA biogenesis, function, and modulation.
  • To showcase the utility of computer simulations in understanding ncRNA mechanisms and advancing therapeutic strategies.

Main Methods:

  • Review of existing literature on non-coding RNA biology and computational approaches.
  • Analysis of state-of-the-art computational tools for ncRNA research.
  • Case studies and examples, including the authors' work, demonstrating the application of computer simulations.

Main Results:

  • ncRNAs are integral to cell homeostasis and disease pathogenesis.
  • Computational methods offer powerful tools for dissecting ncRNA complexity, despite existing challenges.
  • Computer simulations are vital for uncovering fundamental ncRNA mechanisms and guiding therapeutic development.

Conclusions:

  • Non-coding RNAs represent a promising frontier for disease biomarker discovery and therapeutic intervention.
  • Advanced computational strategies are essential for fully harnessing the potential of ncRNAs in medicine.
  • Further development and application of computational tools will accelerate the creation of novel gene modulation therapies.