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Updated: Jul 4, 2025

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Host-gut microbiota interactions during pregnancy.

Katherine R Amato1, Priyanka Pradhan2, Elizabeth K Mallott1,3

  • 1Department of Anthropology, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL 60208, USA.

Evolution, Medicine, and Public Health
|January 30, 2024
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Pregnancy involves physiological changes, but hormonal shifts and gut microbes can create mother-offspring conflicts. Understanding these interactions is key to reproductive evolution.

Keywords:
gut microbiotahormoneimmunitymaternalfetalmetabolismpregnancy

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Area of Science:

  • Reproductive biology
  • Microbiome research
  • Evolutionary physiology

Background:

  • Mammalian pregnancy involves physiological adaptations for fetal development, impacting maternal and offspring fitness.
  • Maternal trade-offs during pregnancy can lead to mother-offspring fitness conflicts.
  • Hormonal changes have been historically implicated, but the role of gut microbiota is emerging.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To model the interplay between maternal hormones, immunity, metabolism, and gut microbiota during pregnancy.
  • To explore how these interactions mediate maternal and offspring fitness trade-offs.
  • To provide a framework for understanding the evolutionary significance of the gestational microbiota.

Main Methods:

  • Construction of a mechanistic model linking hormonal, immunological, metabolic, and microbial changes.
  • The model integrates direct and indirect effects of hormones on the gut microbiome via the immune system.
  • The model also incorporates feedback loops from the gut microbiota to maternal immunity and metabolism.

Main Results:

  • Hormonal fluctuations during pregnancy significantly alter gut microbiome composition and function.
  • Maternal immune system acts as a mediator between hormonal changes and gut microbiota.
  • Gut microbiota, in turn, influences maternal immunity and metabolism, creating a dynamic feedback system.

Conclusions:

  • The proposed model highlights the crucial role of gut microbiota in mediating pregnancy-related fitness trade-offs.
  • Interactions between maternal physiology and the gut microbiome are likely context-dependent and vary across populations.
  • Future empirical research combining physiological, microbial, and fitness data is essential to validate these evolutionary hypotheses.