Palatal bone thickness for mini-implant insertion in different vertical growth patterns: a systematic review

Area of Science:

• Orthodontics
• Craniofacial Anatomy
• Biomaterials

Background:

• Orthodontic anchorage devices require adequate bone support.
• Understanding palatal bone thickness is essential for successful device placement.
• Vertical growth patterns influence craniofacial morphology, including the palate.

Purpose of the Study:

• To systematically review and evaluate palatal bone thickness in relation to vertical growth patterns.
• To provide data relevant to the optimal placement of orthodontic anchorage devices.

Main Methods:

• Systematic review of Medline, Web of Science, Cochrane Library, and Scopus (2000-2022).
• Inclusion criteria focused on palatal bone thickness and vertical facial growth.
• Data extraction and analysis performed by three independent reviewers; risk of bias assessed.

Main Results:

• Only 4 studies met inclusion criteria; 2 had control groups.
• Palatal bone thickness varied by sex (males: 14.1 mm; females: 9.68 mm) and malocclusion.
• Individuals with low-angle (hypodivergent) vertical growth patterns exhibited greater palatal bone thickness (9.39 mm) compared to normal (8.55 mm) and high-angle (7.53 mm) patterns.

Conclusions:

• Palatal bone thickness is significantly influenced by vertical growth patterns.
• Hypodivergent individuals generally present with thicker palatal bone, particularly near the incisive foramen.
• These findings are critical for planning orthodontic anchorage device placement.