Cancer and Autoimmune Diseases as Two Sides of Chronic Inflammation and the Method of Therapy

Chronic inflammation is associated with a prolonged increase in various inflammatory factors. According to clinical data, it can be linked with both cancer and autoimmune diseases in the same patients. This raises the critical question of how chronic inflammation relates to seemingly opposing diseases - tumors, in which there is immunosuppression, and autoimmune diseases, in which there is over-activation of the immune system. In this review, we consider chronic inflammation as a prerequisite for both immune suppression and an increased likelihood of autoimmune damage. We also discuss potential disease-modifying therapies targeting chronic inflammation, which can be helpful for both cancer and autoimmunity. On the one hand, pro-inflammatory factors persisting in the areas of chronic inflammation stimulate the production of anti-inflammatory factors due to a negative feedback loop, eliciting immune suppression. On the other hand, chronic inflammation can bring the baseline immunity closer to the threshold level required for triggering an autoimmune response using the bystander activation of immune cells. Focusing on the role of chronic inflammation in cancer and autoimmune diseases may open prospects for more intensive drug discovery for chronic inflammation.