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Nutritional Assessment Tools for Patients with Cancer: A Narrative Review.

Peng-Peng Wang1,2, Kim Lam Soh3, Huzwah Binti Khazaai4

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Cancer patients face malnutrition risks, impacting health outcomes. This review evaluates four common nutritional assessment tools (SGA, PG-SGA, MNA, GLIM) to aid clinicians in selecting the best method for effective patient management.

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cancermalnutritionnutritionnutritional assessmenttool

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Area of Science:

  • Oncology
  • Nutrition Science
  • Medical Assessment

Background:

  • Cancer patients are highly susceptible to malnutrition, leading to poor health outcomes like extended hospital stays and increased mortality.
  • Effective nutritional assessment is crucial for managing malnutrition in cancer patients, yet no single standard tool is universally accepted.
  • A gap exists in comprehensive reviews detailing nutritional assessment tools specifically for the oncology population.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To conduct a narrative review of commonly used nutritional assessment tools for cancer patients.
  • To evaluate the applications, strengths, and limitations of four specific tools: SGA, PG-SGA, MNA, and GLIM.
  • To provide guidance for healthcare professionals in selecting appropriate tools for timely and accurate malnutrition assessment in cancer patients.

Main Methods:

  • A non-systematic literature search was performed across PubMed, Embase, Web of Science, and Cochrane Library up to May 2023.
  • Ninety studies meeting selection criteria were included in the narrative review.
  • The review focused on the utility, advantages, and disadvantages of the Subjective Global Assessment (SGA), Patient-Generated Subjective Global Assessment (PG-SGA), Mini Nutritional Assessment (MNA), and Global Leadership Initiative on Malnutrition (GLIM) criteria.

Main Results:

  • Malnutrition in cancer patients is significantly associated with adverse health outcomes, including prolonged hospitalization and higher mortality rates.
  • Each of the four reviewed tools (SGA, PG-SGA, MNA, GLIM) demonstrates unique applications, strengths, and limitations.
  • The findings highlight the importance of understanding these tools for clinical decision-making.

Conclusions:

  • Healthcare professionals need to be familiar with various nutritional assessment tools to effectively manage malnutrition in cancer patients.
  • Choosing the optimal assessment tool is essential for rapid and accurate identification of malnutrition, thereby improving patient outcomes.
  • This review serves as a foundational resource for selecting appropriate nutritional assessment strategies in oncology care.