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Related Concept Videos

Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder01:28

Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder

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Obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) is a mental health condition characterized by recurrent obsessions, compulsions, or both, which consume significant time and interfere with daily functioning. Obsessions involve persistent, intrusive, and unwanted thoughts, images, or urges that evoke anxiety. Common examples include irrational fears of contamination or harm. Compulsions are repetitive behaviors or mental acts performed to reduce the anxiety caused by obsessions. For instance, individuals...
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Personality Disorders: Dependent and Obsessive-Compulsive01:24

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Dependent personality disorder and obsessive-compulsive personality disorder are two separate psychological conditions that influence behavior, relationships, and overall life functioning. Though both involve maladaptive behaviors, their core characteristics and motivations differ significantly.
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The development of psychological disorders, which are characterized by deviant, maladaptive, and personally distressing behaviors, has been explored through several theoretical approaches.
Biological approach
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Psychological and Sociocultural Causes of Schizophrenia01:29

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Schizophrenia, a complex psychiatric disorder, has been historically misunderstood. Early psychological theories attributed its origins to childhood trauma and unresponsive parenting. However, contemporary research largely rejects these notions, favoring the vulnerability-stress hypothesis. This model proposes that individuals with a genetic predisposition to schizophrenia may develop the disorder following exposure to significant environmental stressors. Notably, studies on high-risk...
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Psychosis: Pathophysiology of Schizophrenia and Other Psychotic Disorders01:27

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Schizophrenia is a neurodevelopmental disorder whose origins are rooted in complex genetic components. Despite our burgeoning understanding, the pathophysiology of this disorder remains incompletely deciphered.
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Related Experiment Video

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Signal Attenuation as a Rat Model of Obsessive Compulsive Disorder
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Predictive spread of obsessive-compulsive disorder pathology using the network diffusion model.

Liang Liu1, Dongyao Jia1, Chuanwang Zhang1

  • 1School of Electronics and Information Engineering, Beijing Jiaotong University, Beijing 100044, China.

Journal of Affective Disorders
|January 30, 2024
PubMed
Summary

Structural brain abnormalities in obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) spread through healthy brain networks. The right anterior cingulate cortex acts as a key starting point for this pathology propagation in OCD patients.

Keywords:
Gray matter volumeNetwork diffusion modelObsessive-compulsive disorderProgression

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Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Psychiatry
  • Network Science

Background:

  • Neuropsychiatric disorders often involve structural brain abnormalities that spread through neural networks.
  • Previous research on network propagation of abnormalities has not been applied to obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD).
  • OCD is characterized by widespread structural brain abnormalities, suggesting a network-based propagation mechanism.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate if the healthy functional brain network influences structural brain abnormalities in OCD.
  • To identify the potential seed regions and propagation patterns of these abnormalities in OCD.

Main Methods:

  • Compared gray matter morphology in 98 OCD patients and 130 healthy controls (HCs).
  • Utilized the network diffusion model (NDM) to identify seed regions and disease propagation pathways.
  • NDM has a proven track record in neurodegenerative diseases for tracking pathology spread.

Main Results:

  • The right anterior cingulate cortex was identified as the most likely seed region for gray matter abnormalities in OCD.
  • Pathology preferentially spread from the seed region to higher-order brain systems.
  • The time of pathology arrival in non-seed regions negatively correlated with their functional network distance to the seed region (r = -0.46, p < 0.001).

Conclusions:

  • Structural brain abnormalities in OCD are constrained by the underlying healthy functional brain network architecture.
  • This study reveals the temporal sequencing of pathology progression in OCD, originating from the right anterior cingulate cortex.
  • Findings highlight the role of network connectivity in the manifestation of structural changes in OCD.