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Risk Factors for Severe Respiratory Syncytial Virus Infection in Hospitalized Children

Hsuan-Yin Ma1,2, I-Fan Lin2, Yun-Chung Liu2

  • 1From the Center for Drug Evaluation, Taipei, Taiwan.

The Pediatric Infectious Disease Journal
|January 31, 2024
PubMed

Insights

Infants under 1.5 months with heart or genetic conditions face higher risks of severe respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) infections. Early intervention with RSV monoclonal antibody (RSV mAb) prophylaxis may be beneficial.

Area of Science:

  • Pediatrics
  • Infectious Diseases
  • Public Health

Background:

  • Respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) frequently causes severe respiratory illness in infants.
  • High-risk infants, including premature and those with congenital heart disease, are candidates for RSV prevention.
  • Further investigation into risk factors beyond prematurity and congenital heart disease is needed.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To identify risk factors for severe RSV infection in hospitalized children.
  • To evaluate the impact of RSV monoclonal antibody (RSV mAb) endorsement on severe RSV outcomes.

Main Methods:

  • A cohort study was conducted at National Taiwan University Hospital from 2008 to 2018.
  • Severe RSV infection was defined as requiring invasive ventilator support.
  • Risk factors were identified using multivariable analysis, adjusting for age, sex, and birth cohort.

Main Results:

  • Out of 1985 RSV admissions, 66 (3.3%) experienced severe RSV infection.
  • Severe RSV infections significantly decreased post-RSV mAb endorsement.
  • Key risk factors included age <1.5 months, cardiovascular diseases, congenital/genetic diseases, bacterial coinfections, elevated creatinine, and abnormal chest X-rays.

Conclusions:

  • Infants younger than 1.5 months with cardiovascular or congenital/genetic conditions are predisposed to severe RSV.
  • RSV mAb prophylaxis may offer significant benefits for these high-risk infants.
Abstract

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