Oxybutynin-associated Cognitive Impairment: Evidence and Implications for Overactive Bladder Treatment

Anticholinergic medications have long been a mainstay of overactive bladder (OAB) treatment. Oxybutynin, a first-generation anticholinergic, still accounts for more than half of all OAB medication prescriptions, despite associations with impaired memory and cognition, as well as mounting evidence that it may increase the risk of incident dementia. This review details the current literature regarding oxybutynin and cognition, including evidence from preclinical, clinical, and real-world studies that show that oxybutynin binds nonspecifically to muscarinic receptors in the brain and is associated with adverse cognitive outcomes. We also discuss society recommendations to reduce use of oxybutynin and other anticholinergics to treat OAB.