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Raised circulatory T regulatory cells in paediatric tuberculosis - An environment for bacterial persistence?

Ranjith Kumar1, Richa Gupta1, Pooja Dewan2

  • 1Department of Pathology, University College of Medical Sciences and GTB Hospital, Delhi, India.

The Indian Journal of Tuberculosis
|January 31, 2024
PubMed

Insights

Children with tuberculosis (TB) have higher levels of T-regulatory cells (Tregs) compared to healthy children. However, the severity of TB in children does not significantly impact Treg percentages.

Area of Science:

  • Immunology
  • Pediatrics
  • Infectious Diseases

Background:

  • T-regulatory cells (Tregs) modulate immune responses, potentially influencing Tuberculosis (TB) persistence.
  • Understanding Treg roles in pediatric TB is crucial for disease management.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To compare Treg percentages in children with TB versus healthy controls.
  • To investigate if Treg levels differ between severe and non-severe pediatric TB cases.

Main Methods:

  • Flow cytometry was used to quantify T-regulatory cells (CD4CD25 high and CD4FoxP3) in 40 pediatric TB patients and 20 healthy controls.
  • Patients were categorized into severe and non-severe TB groups.
  • Statistical analysis was performed using the Mann-Whitney U test.

Main Results:

  • Pediatric TB patients exhibited significantly higher percentages of both CD4CD25 high and CD4FoxP3 T-regulatory cells compared to healthy controls (p<0.001).
  • No significant difference in Treg percentages was observed between severe and non-severe TB cases (p>0.8).

Conclusions:

  • Children with TB, regardless of pulmonary or extra-pulmonary involvement, show elevated T-regulatory cell counts.
  • Treg levels do not appear to be a differentiating factor between severe and non-severe TB in pediatric patients.
Abstract

Keywords:
ChildrenFlow cytometryT regulatory cellsTuberculosis

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