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Proton-Pump Inhibitors and Risk of Bloodstream Infection without an Identifiable Source: a Hospital-Based

Shintaro Hayashi1, Tomohito Moriyama1, Yuichiro Ito1

  • 1Department of Gastroenterology, Ichinomiya Nishi Hospital, Japan.

Japanese Journal of Infectious Diseases
|January 31, 2024
PubMed

Insights

Proton-pump inhibitor (PPI) use is linked to a higher risk of bloodstream infections (BSI) without a clear source. This suggests PPIs may increase the likelihood of BSI due to bacterial translocation.

Area of Science:

  • Gastroenterology
  • Infectious Diseases
  • Pharmacology

Background:

  • The link between proton-pump inhibitor (PPI) use and systemic infections from bacterial translocation remains uncertain.
  • Investigating the potential increased risk of bloodstream infections (BSI) in patients on PPI therapy is crucial.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To determine if patients using PPIs have a greater risk of developing bloodstream infections (BSI) without an identifiable source.
  • To explore the association between PPI therapy and bacterial translocation-type (BT-type) BSI.

Main Methods:

  • A hospital-based case-control study was conducted at Ichinomiya Nishi Hospital in 2019.
  • Included patients aged 20+ with confirmed BSI via blood cultures.
  • Defined BT-type BSI as infections without an identifiable source; controls had BSI with a source.

Main Results:

  • Analyzed data from 309 patients (66 cases, 243 controls).
  • PPI users showed a 2.4-fold higher risk of BT-type BSI compared to non-users (aOR: 2.41, 95% CI: 1.29-4.51, P = 0.006).

Conclusions:

  • Proton-pump inhibitor use is associated with an elevated risk of bloodstream infections lacking an identifiable source.
  • Findings suggest PPIs may contribute to an increased risk of BSI secondary to bacterial translocation.
Keywords:
bacteremiabacterial translocationbloodstream infectionproton-pump inhibitors

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