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Natural and engineered xylosyl products from microbial source.

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This review summarizes 126 microbial xylosylated natural products, highlighting xylosyl-cyathane diterpenes and xylosylated triterpenes. It emphasizes the need for further research into these compounds and their xylosyltransferases for drug discovery.

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Area of Science:

  • Natural Product Chemistry
  • Microbiology
  • Biochemistry

Background:

  • Glycosylation, a common post-modification, significantly impacts natural product diversity and activity.
  • Xylosylation is a rare form of glycosylation, and microbial-derived xylosylated natural products remain underexplored.
  • This review focuses on xylosylated natural products from microorganisms, which possess unique structures and beneficial activities.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To provide a comprehensive summary of microbial-derived xylosylated natural products.
  • To highlight the structural diversity and prevalence of different classes of xylosylated compounds.
  • To underscore the importance of xylosyltransferases in natural product biosynthesis and drug discovery.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review and compilation of known microbial-derived xylosylated natural products.
  • Categorization of compounds based on structural classes (e.g., xylosyl-cyathane diterpenes, xylosylated triterpenes).
  • Analysis of structural diversity and source (bacterial vs. fungal) of xylosylated compounds.

Main Results:

  • A comprehensive catalog of 126 microbial-derived xylosylated natural products is presented.
  • Xylosyl-cyathane diterpenes and xylosylated triterpenes are the most abundant classes.
  • Bacterial xylosylated compounds exhibit less defined structural profiles compared to fungal counterparts.
  • The characterization of xylosyltransferase EriJ expanded the known diversity of xylosyl cyathane diterpenes.

Conclusions:

  • Microbial-derived xylosylated natural products represent a valuable resource for drug discovery and synthetic chemistry.
  • Further exploration of these compounds and development of novel xylosyltransferases are warranted.
  • Advancements in genomic sequencing will likely lead to the discovery of more bioactive xylosylated compounds and their biosynthetic pathways.