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Herpes simplex masquerade syndrome: acanthamoeba keratitis.

K J Johns, D M O'Day, W S Head

Current Eye Research

|January 1, 1987

Summary

Acanthamoeba keratitis, a severe corneal disease, can mimic Herpes simplex keratitis. Early identification of Acanthamoeba infection is crucial for effective treatment and preventing vision loss.

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Area of Science:

Ophthalmology
Infectious Diseases
Microbiology

Background:

Acanthamoeba is a protozoan parasite found in fresh water.
Acanthamoeba keratitis is a serious corneal infection.
It can be mistaken for Herpes simplex keratitis.

Observation:

Three cases of severe keratitis caused by Acanthamoeba were analyzed.
Clinical presentations included pseudodendritic lesions, stromal infiltrate with necrosis, and disciform lesions with immune rings.
Acanthamoeba was successfully isolated from the cornea in all cases.

Findings:

Acanthamoeba keratitis presents with varied clinical signs that can overlap with Herpes simplex keratitis.
Distinctive historical and clinical features can help differentiate between these conditions.
Diagnostic confirmation relies on cytopathology, special staining, and culture.

Implications:

Accurate diagnosis of Acanthamoeba keratitis is essential for appropriate management.
Distinguishing Acanthamoeba keratitis from Herpes simplex keratitis prevents ineffective treatments.
Prompt diagnosis and treatment can improve patient outcomes and preserve vision.

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