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Ameliorated 3 × 3 coupler-based demodulation algorithm using iteratively reweighted ellipse specific fitting.

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    This study introduces an improved algorithm for optical sensor demodulation, enhancing accuracy even with imperfect equipment. The new method, iteratively reweighted ellipse specific fitting (IRESF), ensures reliable performance in phase-sensitive applications.

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    Area of Science:

    • Photonics and Optical Sensing
    • Signal Processing
    • Metrology

    Background:

    • Passive demodulation using 3x3 optical couplers is crucial for phase-sensitive optical time-domain reflectometry (φ-OTDR) and fiber optic sensor interrogation.
    • Asymmetry in real-world 3x3 couplers significantly degrades demodulation performance.
    • Existing methods struggle with noise and signal variations, limiting their applicability.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To develop a robust demodulation algorithm that compensates for 3x3 coupler asymmetry.
    • To improve the accuracy and reliability of phase signal extraction in optical sensing systems.
    • To enable effective sensor interrogation even under low signal conditions.

    Main Methods:

    • Proposed an ameliorated algorithm using iteratively reweighted ellipse specific fitting (IRESF).
    • IRESF combines iterative reweighting with ellipse specific fitting to mitigate noise and ensure ellipse solutions.
    • Implemented a real-time 1/4 ellipse arc judging module to adaptively apply IRESF or use pre-set parameters.

    Main Results:

    • The proposed algorithm demonstrates robustness against 3x3 coupler asymmetry and operates effectively with small signals.
    • Achieved a noise floor of -112 dB re rad/√Hz.
    • Exhibited excellent performance metrics: 23.15 dB demodulated amplitude at 1 kHz with 0.0488% THD and 99.999% response linearity.

    Conclusions:

    • The IRESF-based demodulation algorithm significantly enhances the precision and robustness of optical sensor systems.
    • It overcomes the limitations of traditional methods, offering broad application prospects in φ-OTDR and sensor multiplexing.
    • The adaptive approach ensures reliable performance across various signal conditions, marking a substantial advancement in optical sensing technology.