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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jul 4, 2025

Direct Imaging of Laser-driven Ultrafast Molecular Rotation
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Few-cycle laser pulse characterization on-target using high-harmonic generation from nano-scale solids.

Mohanad Awad, Apurba Manna, Sebastian Hell

    Optics Express
    |February 1, 2024
    PubMed
    Summary

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    Single-cycle mid-infrared pulses with 30 μJ at 100 kHz via post-compression in solid-state media.

    Optics letters·2026

    We developed high-harmonic generation for time-domain observation (HHG-TOE) to measure ultrashort mid-infrared laser pulse waveforms. This technique accurately characterizes femtosecond laser pulses at the interaction point.

    Area of Science:

    • Quantum optics
    • Solid-state physics
    • Ultrafast science

    Background:

    • High-harmonic generation (HHG) is a crucial nonlinear optical process.
    • Characterizing ultrashort laser pulses is essential for ultrafast science.
    • Existing methods for pulse characterization can be complex or indirect.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To demonstrate a novel method for time-domain observation of the electric field using HHG (HHG-TOE).
    • To measure the waveform of ultrashort mid-infrared (MIR) laser pulses.
    • To provide a straightforward and accurate pulse characterization technique at the point of interaction.

    Main Methods:

    • Utilizing high-harmonic generation (HHG) perturbed by a weak replica of the pump pulse.
    • Interacting MIR laser pulses with ZnO thin-films and WS2 monolayers.

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  • Measuring the duration of few-cycle pulses at 3200 nm.

    • Main Results:

    • Successfully measured the waveform of ultrashort MIR laser pulses.
    • Determined the duration of few-cycle pulses with reasonable agreement to established techniques.
    • Demonstrated the feasibility of HHG-TOE for pulse characterization.

    Conclusions:

    • HHG-TOE offers a direct and accurate method for characterizing femtosecond laser pulses.
    • The technique is suitable for measurements at the point of interaction in HHG experiments.
    • This advancement simplifies and improves the accuracy of ultrafast laser pulse diagnostics.