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Schizophrenia spectrum disorders in India: A population-based study
Prakyath Ravindranath Hegde1, Lakshmi P Nirisha1, Chethan Basavarajappa1
1Department of Psychiatry, National Institute of Mental Health and Neurosciences, Bangalore, India.
Indian Journal of Psychiatry
|February 1, 2024
Summary
Schizophrenia spectrum disorders affect 1.41% of the population, with a 0.42% current prevalence and a 72% treatment gap in India. Addressing this gap is vital for reducing the disorder's socioeconomic impact.
Area of Science:
- Epidemiology
- Psychiatry
- Public Health
Background:
- Schizophrenia spectrum disorders pose a significant global health burden.
- The National Mental Health Survey (NMHS) of India aimed to assess these disorders within the Indian population.
Purpose of the Study:
- To determine the prevalence and epidemiological correlates of schizophrenia spectrum disorders in India.
- To identify factors associated with these disorders and assess the existing treatment gap.
Main Methods:
- A population-based cross-sectional study involving 34,802 adults across 12 Indian states (2015-2016).
- Utilized the Mini-International Neuropsychiatric Interview 6.0 for diagnosis and Sheehan's disability scale for assessing disability.
- Employed Firth penalized logistic regression to analyze correlates of current schizophrenia spectrum disorder.
Main Results:
- Lifetime prevalence of schizophrenia spectrum disorders was 1.41%, with a current prevalence of 0.42%.
- A significant treatment gap of 72% was observed, increasing to 83.3% in urban non-metro areas.
- Higher odds of association were found for the 30-49 years age group, unemployed individuals, and those with lower education levels.
Conclusions:
- The study highlights a substantial prevalence and a critical treatment gap for schizophrenia spectrum disorders in India.
- Urgent interventions are needed to address the treatment gap and mitigate the socioeconomic impact.
- Strengthening national mental health programs and community-based rehabilitation are recommended.
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