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Related Concept Videos

Psychological and Sociocultural Causes of Schizophrenia01:29

Psychological and Sociocultural Causes of Schizophrenia

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Schizophrenia, a complex psychiatric disorder, has been historically misunderstood. Early psychological theories attributed its origins to childhood trauma and unresponsive parenting. However, contemporary research largely rejects these notions, favoring the vulnerability-stress hypothesis. This model proposes that individuals with a genetic predisposition to schizophrenia may develop the disorder following exposure to significant environmental stressors. Notably, studies on high-risk...
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Schizophrenia01:17

Schizophrenia

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Schizophrenia, a term introduced by Swiss psychiatrist Eugen Bleuler in 1911, describes a severe psychological disorder marked by profound disruptions in attention, thought processes, language, emotion, and interpersonal relationships. The core feature of schizophrenia is psychosis — a state characterized by a fundamental detachment from reality. This disconnection manifests through distorted logic, impaired perception, and atypical behavior, severely affecting the lives of those...
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Biological Causes of Schizophrenia01:29

Biological Causes of Schizophrenia

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Schizophrenia, a severe psychiatric disorder, arises from a complex interplay of biological factors, including genetic predisposition, structural brain abnormalities, neurotransmitter dysregulation, and developmental irregularities. These factors collectively contribute to the onset and progression of the disorder, which typically manifests in late adolescence or early adulthood.
Genetic Factors in Schizophrenia
The genetic basis of schizophrenia is strongly supported by family and twin...
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Psychosis: Pathophysiology of Schizophrenia and Other Psychotic Disorders01:27

Psychosis: Pathophysiology of Schizophrenia and Other Psychotic Disorders

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Schizophrenia is a neurodevelopmental disorder whose origins are rooted in complex genetic components. Despite our burgeoning understanding, the pathophysiology of this disorder remains incompletely deciphered.
Researchers have identified genetic factors that increase susceptibility to schizophrenia, underscoring the intricate interplay between genetics and environment in disease development. At the core of schizophrenia's pathophysiology is excessive dopaminergic neurotransmission within...
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Positive Symptoms Schizophrenia: Hallucinations and Delusions01:26

Positive Symptoms Schizophrenia: Hallucinations and Delusions

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Schizophrenia is a complex psychiatric disorder characterized by a range of symptoms that significantly impact cognition, behavior, and emotional regulation. Among these, the positive symptoms stand out as they involve the addition or exaggeration of normal mental functions, deviating markedly from typical behavior and perception. Hallucinations and delusions are prominent positive symptoms, each profoundly affecting the individual's experience of reality.
Hallucinations
Hallucinations in...
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Positive Symptoms of Schizophrenia: Hallucinations and Delusions01:30

Positive Symptoms of Schizophrenia: Hallucinations and Delusions

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Schizophrenia is a complex mental health disorder that can manifest with various positive symptoms, including thought, movement, and behavior disorders. These symptoms significantly disrupt cognitive and motor functions, leading to profound effects on an individual's ability to engage with the world.
Thought Disorders
Disorganized and unusual thought processes mark thought disorders in schizophrenia. One key feature is disorganized speech, where an individual's conversation includes...
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jul 4, 2025

Handwriting Analysis Indicates Spontaneous Dyskinesias in Neuroleptic Naïve Adolescents at High Risk for Psychosis
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Schizophrenia spectrum disorders in India: A population-based study.

Prakyath Ravindranath Hegde1, Lakshmi P Nirisha1, Chethan Basavarajappa1

  • 1Department of Psychiatry, National Institute of Mental Health and Neurosciences, Bangalore, India.

Indian Journal of Psychiatry
|February 1, 2024
PubMed
Summary

Schizophrenia spectrum disorders affect 1.41% of the population, with a 0.42% current prevalence and a 72% treatment gap in India. Addressing this gap is vital for reducing the disorder's socioeconomic impact.

Keywords:
DisabilityIndiaepidemiologynational mental health surveyprevalencepsychosisschizophreniatreatment gap

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Area of Science:

  • Epidemiology
  • Psychiatry
  • Public Health

Background:

  • Schizophrenia spectrum disorders pose a significant global health burden.
  • The National Mental Health Survey (NMHS) of India aimed to assess these disorders within the Indian population.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To determine the prevalence and epidemiological correlates of schizophrenia spectrum disorders in India.
  • To identify factors associated with these disorders and assess the existing treatment gap.

Main Methods:

  • A population-based cross-sectional study involving 34,802 adults across 12 Indian states (2015-2016).
  • Utilized the Mini-International Neuropsychiatric Interview 6.0 for diagnosis and Sheehan's disability scale for assessing disability.
  • Employed Firth penalized logistic regression to analyze correlates of current schizophrenia spectrum disorder.

Main Results:

  • Lifetime prevalence of schizophrenia spectrum disorders was 1.41%, with a current prevalence of 0.42%.
  • A significant treatment gap of 72% was observed, increasing to 83.3% in urban non-metro areas.
  • Higher odds of association were found for the 30-49 years age group, unemployed individuals, and those with lower education levels.

Conclusions:

  • The study highlights a substantial prevalence and a critical treatment gap for schizophrenia spectrum disorders in India.
  • Urgent interventions are needed to address the treatment gap and mitigate the socioeconomic impact.
  • Strengthening national mental health programs and community-based rehabilitation are recommended.