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Related Concept Videos

Seizures: Classification01:13

Seizures: Classification

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Epilepsy is primarily characterized by unpredictable seizures, either provoked by an identifiable factor, such as injury or illness, or unprovoked, occurring spontaneously without apparent cause.
Seizures are typically classified into two main categories: focal and generalized seizures.
Focal Seizures
Focal seizures originate from specific regions of the brain. These seizures are further sub-classified into two types:
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Arteries of the Lower Limbs01:24

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Epilepsy is a chronic neurological disease marked by recurrent, unpredictable seizures. These seizures are caused by abnormal electrical discharges in the brain, leading to behavior, sensation, or consciousness alterations. They can also cause transient impairment of awareness, interfering with daily activities.
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Panic Disorder01:27

Panic Disorder

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Panic disorder is an anxiety disorder characterized by recurrent and sudden minutes-long episodes of intense fear, known as panic attacks. These attacks may feel like heart attacks and often happen without warning or a specific cause. They can include symptoms such as rapid heart rate, shortness of breath, chest pain, trembling, sweating, dizziness, and a sense of helplessness. During a panic attack, individuals may feel as though they are experiencing a heart attack or are in a...
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Electroconvulsive Therapy01:30

Electroconvulsive Therapy

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Electroconvulsive therapy (ECT), or shock therapy, remains a critical biomedical intervention for severe, treatment-resistant depression. While its origins can be traced back to Hippocrates' observations that malaria-induced convulsions alleviated mental illness, modern ECT has evolved significantly from its earlier, more primitive applications. First introduced in 1938 by Ugo Cerletti and his colleagues, ECT involves inducing controlled seizures using electrical currents. In its early...
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Antiepileptic Drugs: Glutamate Antagonists01:14

Antiepileptic Drugs: Glutamate Antagonists

359
Glutamate is a fundamental neurotransmitter in the central nervous system, playing a vital role in neuronal communication and various cognitive processes. Glutamate stands as the principal excitatory neurotransmitter in the brain. Its presence is crucial for the communication between neurons, underpinning essential processes such as synaptic transmission, neuronal excitability, and plasticity. These functions are vital for higher-order cognitive processes, including learning and memory. The...
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Mania and Antimanic Drugs: Overview

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Mania, a psychological condition characterized by elevated mood, increased energy, and reduced sleep need, is part of the bipolar disorder cycle. The exact cause of mania isn't entirely known, but it is thought to be a combination of genetic, environmental, and neurological factors. Bipolar disorder involves alternating manic and depressive episodes. Mood stabilizers like lithium, antipsychotics, and anticonvulsants help manage these episodes. Lithium carbonate is particularly effective as...
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jul 4, 2025

Author Spotlight: Advancing Pediatric Epilepsy Surgery in Children Through Novel Biomarkers and Enhanced Localization
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Panic disorder in epilepsy.

Tobias M Redecker1, Haang Jeung-Maarse2, Christian Brandt1

  • 1Bielefeld University, Medical School and University Medical Center OWL, Mara Hospital, Department of Epileptology, Maraweg 21, 33617 Bielefeld, Germany.

Epilepsy & Behavior Reports
|February 1, 2024
PubMed
Summary

Managing panic disorder in epilepsy patients requires integrated treatment. This includes pharmacotherapy, like SSRIs, and psychotherapy, such as CBT, for optimal outcomes.

Keywords:
AntidepressantsAnxiety DisordersCBTEpilepsyMental DisordersPanic Disorder

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Area of Science:

  • Neurology
  • Psychiatry

Background:

  • Structural epilepsy can co-occur with anxiety disorders.
  • Intracranial hemorrhage can lead to epilepsy and subsequent psychiatric complications.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To illustrate the comprehensive management of panic disorder in a patient with structural epilepsy.
  • To highlight the importance of differential diagnosis between panic attacks and peri-ictal fear.

Main Methods:

  • Case report of a 51-year-old woman with epilepsy and anxiety disorder.
  • Utilized neuropsychiatric and psychological assessments.
  • Evaluated various psychopharmacological and psychotherapeutic interventions.

Main Results:

  • Patient developed panic disorder, agoraphobia, and psychogenic nonepileptic seizures despite seizure control.
  • Limited success with initial psychopharmacological treatments.
  • Selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs) and venlafaxine showed potential efficacy.

Conclusions:

  • Comprehensive management combining pharmacotherapy and psychotherapy is essential for panic disorder in epilepsy patients.
  • Cognitive-behavioral therapy (CBT) is a primary treatment modality.
  • Screening tools like the Panic and Agoraphobia Scale (PAS) aid assessment.