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Characteristics of Fluids

Characteristics of Fluids

Fluids differ from solids primarily in their molecular structure and stress response. Solids have tightly packed molecules with strong intermolecular forces, maintaining their shape and resisting deformation. In contrast, fluids have molecules spaced farther apart with weaker forces, allowing them to flow and deform easily.
Fluids, which include both liquids and gases, are substances that deform continuously under shearing stress. For example, water and oil are liquids with molecules that can...

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Surface Deformation and Seismicity Linked to Fluid Injection in the Raton Basin.

Cameron R Chambers¹, Megan R M Brown², Scott M Stokes³

¹Department of Geological Sciences, University of Colorado Boulder, 2200 Colorado Ave, Boulder, CO, 80309.

|February 1, 2024

Summary

This summary is machine-generated.

Deep fluid injection in oil and gas fields can cause surface deformation. This study in the Raton Basin shows wastewater injection induced uplift and subsidence, linked to seismicity.

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Area of Science:

Earth Sciences
Geomechanics
Hydrology

Background:

Wastewater injection in oil and gas production is linked to seismicity.
Deep fluid injection may cause surface uplift and subsidence in producing regions.
The Raton Basin has undergone significant wastewater injection since 1994.

Purpose of the Study:

Investigate the hydromechanical processes of surface uplift and subsidence during wastewater injection.
Estimate the extent and magnitude of vertical deformation in the Raton Basin from 1994 to 2020.
Analyze incremental deformation between 2017 and 2020.

Main Methods:

Utilized modeling to estimate vertical deformation.
Analyzed long-term (1994-2020) and short-term (2017-2020) deformation.
Correlated deformation with wastewater injection volumes and rates.

Main Results:

Modeled uplift reached up to 15 cm between 1994 and 2020, concentrated near southern injection wells.
Between 2017 and 2020, up to 3 cm of uplift occurred near northwestern wells.
Subsidence was observed around southern and eastern wells after injection rates decreased.
Long-term uplift correlates with cumulative injection volume, while short-term deformation depends on injection rate changes.

Conclusions:

Wastewater injection in the Raton Basin induces significant surface deformation (uplift and subsidence).
Changes in injection rates, not just cumulative volume, control short-term deformation.
Injection-induced pore pressure changes likely drive both surface deformation and seismicity.