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The relationship between active/passive smoking and spontaneous preterm birth: Data from a multicenter study.
F S Cavichiolli1, A Borovac-Pinheiro1, G J Lajos1
1Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, School of Medicine, University of Campinas, Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil.
Summary
This study found no confirmed link between smoking during pregnancy and spontaneous preterm birth. Neither active nor passive smoking increased the incidence of spontaneous preterm birth or adverse neonatal outcomes.
Area of Science:
- Obstetrics and Gynecology
- Neonatal Health
- Public Health
Background:
- Prematurity is a leading cause of under-5 mortality, with smoking a known risk factor.
- Establishing a concrete link between smoking and spontaneous preterm birth (SPB) remains challenging.
- Understanding the impact of active and passive smoking on SPB is crucial for maternal and child health.
Purpose of the Study:
- To investigate the association between active and passive smoking and spontaneous preterm birth.
- To analyze sociodemographic, birth, and neonatal data in relation to smoking status during pregnancy.
Main Methods:
- A multicenter, cross-sectional study in 20 Brazilian maternity hospitals (2011-2012).
- Inclusion of 5295 pregnant participants and their preterm infants.
- Statistical analysis using frequencies, percentages, chi-squared test, and stepwise comparisons.
Main Results:
- 13.5% of pregnant individuals were active smokers, and 31.6% were exposed to passive smoke.
- Higher incidence of SPBs observed in active smokers (61.2%) and passive smokers (61.2%) compared to non-smokers (48.4%).
- Multivariate analysis did not establish a causal relationship between smoking and SPB.
Conclusions:
- The study did not confirm an increased risk of spontaneous preterm birth due to smoking during pregnancy.
- Passive smoking exposure did not correlate with an increased incidence of SPB or adverse neonatal outcomes.
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