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Updated: Jul 4, 2025
An Affordable HIV-1 Drug Resistance Monitoring Method for Resource Limited Settings
Published on: March 30, 2014
The profile of HIV-1 drug resistance in Shanghai, China: a retrospective study from 2017 to 2021
Min Zhang1, Yingying Ma1, Gang Wang1
1Shanghai Clinical Research Center for Infectious Disease (HIV/AIDS), Shanghai Public Health Clinical Center, Fudan University, Shanghai 201508, China.
Background:
HIV-1 drug resistance is a huge challenge in the era of ART.
Objectives:
To investigate the prevalence and characteristics of acquired HIV-1 drug resistance (ADR) in Shanghai, China.
Methods:
An epidemiological study was performed among people living with human immunodeficiency virus (PLWH) receiving ART in Shanghai from January 2017 to December 2021. A total of 8669 PLWH were tested for drug resistance by genotypic resistance testing. Drug resistance mutations (DRMs) were identified using the Stanford University HIV Drug Resistance Database program.
Results:
Ten HIV-1 subtypes/circulating recombinant forms (CRFs) were identified, mainly including CRF01_AE (46.8%), CRF07_BC (35.7%), B (6.4%), CRF55_01B (2.8%) and CRF08_BC (2.4%). The prevalence of ADR was 48% (389/811). Three NRTI-associated mutations (M184V/I/L, S68G/N/R and K65R/N) and four NNRTI-associated mutations (V179D/E/T/L, K103N/R/S/T, V106M/I/A and G190A/S/T/C/D/E/Q) were the most common DRMs. These DRMs caused high-level resistance to lamivudine, emtricitabine, efavirenz and nevirapine. The DRM profiles appeared to be significantly different among different subtypes.
Conclusions:
We revealed HIV-1 subtype characteristics and the DRM profile in Shanghai, which provide crucial guidance for clinical treatment and management of PLWH.
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