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China's key ecological function zones plan shows mixed results. While some fragile ecosystems improved, overall landscape patterns worsened due to habitat destruction and fragmentation over 25 years.

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Area of Science:

  • Ecological Sciences
  • Environmental Policy
  • Landscape Ecology

Background:

  • Landscape evolution significantly impacts ecosystems.
  • China's greening efforts are noted, but policy effects on landscape patterns require deeper analysis.
  • China's Key Ecological Function Zones (KEFZ) plan is a major ecological policy initiative.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To analyze the long-term landscape evolution within China's KEFZ from 1990-2015.
  • To explore the environmental influences of policy planning on ecosystem improvement.
  • To provide planning suggestions for better environmental changes.

Main Methods:

  • Described landscape composition changes and conversion mechanisms in KEFZ.
  • Analyzed landscape pattern evolution using landscape indices.
  • Focused on KEFZ covering 40.2% of China's land area across four ecoregion types.

Main Results:

  • Most KEFZ showed unfavorable landscape evolution, including habitat destruction and increased fragmentation.
  • Despite increased greening, landscape patterns generally deteriorated.
  • Wind prevention/sand fixation and biodiversity maintenance ecoregions showed improved ecological conditions post-policy implementation.

Conclusions:

  • Policy effects vary across ecoregions, with notable improvements in protected and fragile areas.
  • Differentiated ecological transfer payments may explain policy prominence in certain zones.
  • Stricter land use control, balanced ecological transfer payments, and enhanced ecological migration policies are recommended.