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Related Concept Videos

Cancers Originate from Somatic Mutations in a Single Cell02:21

Cancers Originate from Somatic Mutations in a Single Cell

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Cancer arises from mutations in the critical genes that allow healthy cells to escape cell cycle regulation and acquire the ability to proliferate indefinitely. Though originating from a single mutation event in one of the originator cells, cancer progresses when the mutant cell lines continue to gain more and more mutations, and finally, become malignant. For example, chronic myelogenous leukemia (CML) develops initially as a non-lethal increase in white blood cells, which progressively...
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Cancer-Critical Genes II: Tumor Suppressor Genes01:05

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Genes usually encode proteins necessary for the proper functioning of a healthy cell. Mutations can often cause changes to the gene expression pattern, thereby altering the phenotype.
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Such genes that act...
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Loss of Tumor Suppressor Gene Functions01:12

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Tumor suppressor genes are normal genes that can slow down cell division, repair DNA mistakes, or program the cells for apoptosis in case of irreparable damage. Hence, they play an essential role in preventing the proliferation of damaged cells.
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Cancer-Critical Genes I: Proto-oncogenes01:33

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Tumor Progression02:07

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Tumor progression is a phenomenon where the pre-formed tumor acquires successive mutations to become clinically more aggressive and malignant. In the 1950s, Foulds first described the stepwise progression of cancer cells through successive stages.
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Tumor suppressor genes are normal genes that can slow down cell division, repair DNA mistakes, or program the cells for apoptosis in case of irreparable damage. Hence, they play an essential role in preventing the proliferation of damaged cells.
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Updated: Jul 4, 2025

Next Generation Sequencing for the Detection of Actionable Mutations in Solid and Liquid Tumors
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Mutually exclusive driver mutations identifies 2 separate primaries in a collision tumor initially interpreted as a

Mary M Torrez1, Khalil Sheibani2, Mohammad A Vasef1

  • 1Department of Pathology, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM, USA.

Respiratory Medicine Case Reports
|February 2, 2024
PubMed
Summary

Distinguishing collision tumors from single tumors can be challenging. This case highlights how next-generation sequencing identified two distinct primary lung cancers in a single biopsy, previously mistaken for tumor heterogeneity.

Keywords:
Collision/synchronous tumorsEGFR mutationKRAS mutationLung adenocarcinomaMolecular profilesNon–small cell lung cancer

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Comparative Lesions Analysis Through a Targeted Sequencing Approach
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Area of Science:

  • Oncology
  • Pathology
  • Genomics

Background:

  • Differentiating a single primary tumor with heterogeneous histology from multiple collision tumors is a diagnostic challenge in surgical pathology.
  • Histological variations within a tumor are often misattributed to tumor heterogeneity, especially in small biopsies.

Observation:

  • A case study involving an adult female former smoker presenting with a lung mass and a metastatic acetabular lesion.
  • Needle biopsy of the lung mass revealed adenocarcinoma with both well- and moderately differentiated components.

Findings:

  • Next-generation sequencing (NGS) analysis of the lung biopsy definitively identified two distinct primary lung cancers.
  • The genetic data contradicted the initial interpretation of a single heterogeneous tumor.

Implications:

  • This case underscores the importance of advanced molecular techniques like NGS in resolving complex diagnostic dilemmas in oncology.
  • Accurate tumor classification is critical for appropriate treatment strategies and patient management, especially when multiple primaries are involved.