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Residency application numbers increased for all applicants between 2018-2022. Virtual interviews did not alter application patterns by gender or race/ethnicity, with non-underrepresented in medicine (UIM) applicants applying to more programs than UIM applicants.

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Area of Science:

  • Medical Education
  • Residency Recruitment
  • Diversity in Medicine

Background:

  • Residency application trends by gender and race/ethnicity are crucial for understanding diversity in medical training.
  • The impact of the COVID-19 pandemic and the shift to virtual interviewing on these patterns remains unclear.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate changes in residency application patterns following the introduction of virtual interviews.
  • To test the hypothesis that virtual interviews increased applications per applicant and influenced gender and race/ethnicity disparities.

Main Methods:

  • Analysis of Electronic Residency Application Service (ERAS) data from 2018-2022 for 14 large residency specialties.
  • Comparison of application patterns before (2018-2020) and after (2021-2022) the implementation of virtual interviews.
  • Stratification of data by applicant gender and underrepresented in medicine (UIM) status.

Main Results:

  • The average number of applications submitted per applicant rose across all specialties, genders, and race/ethnicity groups from 2018 to 2022.
  • Gender-based differences in application numbers varied by specialty; non-UIM applicants consistently applied to more programs than UIM applicants.
  • No significant shifts in application patterns were observed correlating with the transition from in-person to virtual interviews.

Conclusions:

  • The overall number of residency applications per applicant has increased over time, irrespective of gender or race/ethnicity.
  • Pre-existing trends in application behavior, including higher application rates for non-UIM individuals and specialty-specific gender differences, persisted after virtual interviews were adopted.
  • Virtual interviewing did not demonstrably alter established residency application dynamics related to diversity metrics.