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Glaucoma: Overview

Glaucoma is an eye condition characterized by increased intraocular pressure that damages the retina and optic nerve, leading to irreversible blindness if left untreated. The human eye has various components, including the cornea, iris, pupil, lens, and optic nerve. Aqueous humor is secreted by the epithelium of the ciliary body in the posterior chamber and flows through the trabecular meshwork and canal of Schlemm, maintaining normal intraocular pressure. The trabecular meshwork and the canal...
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In open-angle glaucoma, the iridocorneal angle remains open, but the trabecular meshwork becomes stiff, slowing down the outflow of aqueous humor. This causes a buildup of aqueous humor in the anterior chamber, leading to a sudden increase in intraocular pressure. The treatment for open-angle glaucoma focuses on reducing the elevated intraocular pressure by either decreasing the secretion of aqueous humor or increasing its outflow.
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Ocular Lichen Planus: A clinicopathologic review.

Ian R Reekie1, Alasdair Simpson1, Ore Erikitola1

  • 1Department of Ophthalmology, Hairmyres Hospital, NHS Lanarkshire, East Kilbride, UK.

European Journal of Ophthalmology
|February 2, 2024
PubMed
Summary

Ocular lichen planus is a rare but potentially devastating condition affecting the eyes, often leading to severe conjunctival scarring. Early diagnosis and histopathological confirmation are crucial for managing this chronic inflammatory dermatosis.

Keywords:
Lichen Planusconjunctivitis

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Area of Science:

  • Ophthalmology
  • Dermatology
  • Pathology

Background:

  • Lichen planus is a chronic inflammatory condition affecting skin, mucous membranes, and nails.
  • Ocular involvement is rare but can cause significant visual impairment.
  • Conjunctival scarring is a common and severe manifestation of ocular lichen planus.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the ocular pathology of lichen planus.
  • To highlight the diagnostic challenges and importance of histopathology.
  • To emphasize the potential for severe visual compromise.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of ocular lichen planus cases.
  • Analysis of clinical and histopathological findings.
  • Comparison with other causes of cicatrizing conjunctivitis.

Main Results:

  • Ocular lichen planus primarily affects the conjunctiva.
  • Conjunctival scarring can mimic other conditions, necessitating biopsy.
  • Progression can lead to irreversible vision loss.

Conclusions:

  • Ocular lichen planus is a rare entity with potentially severe visual consequences.
  • Histopathological examination is essential for accurate diagnosis.
  • Timely intervention may be necessary to prevent extensive scarring.