Aggressive T-cell lymphomas: 2024: Updates on diagnosis, risk stratification, and management

Area of Science:

• Hematology
• Oncology
• Molecular Biology

Background:

• Peripheral T-cell lymphomas (PTCL) encompass over 30 subtypes with poor prognoses.
• Histologic variations alone do not fully capture the heterogeneity of PTCL subtypes.

Purpose of the Study:

• To review the molecular pathogenesis of various PTCL subtypes.
• To discuss emerging targeted therapies and immunotherapies for PTCL treatment.

Main Methods:

• Review of gene expression profiling and molecular techniques.
• Analysis of current clinical trials for targeted agents and immunotherapies.

Main Results:

• Molecular techniques reveal distinct differences across PTCL subtypes, informing the 5th WHO classification.
• Targeted agents (e.g., brentuximab vedotin, PI3K inhibitors, HDAC inhibitors, ALK inhibitors) and immunotherapies (e.g., checkpoint inhibitors, CAR-T) show promise.
• Allogeneic stem cell transplant remains a curative option for aggressive PTCL.

Conclusions:

• Understanding PTCL molecular pathogenesis is crucial for developing effective therapies.
• Targeted agents and novel immunotherapies are essential for improving clinical outcomes in PTCL.
• Further research and clinical trials are needed to optimize treatment strategies for diverse PTCL subtypes.