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Jeanine Shea1, Gerhard Jung2, Friederike Schmid3

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Particles in active fluids experience a renormalized external force in generalized Langevin equations (GLEs), differing from the physical force applied. This effect in active baths is distinct from simple temperature changes.

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Area of Science:

  • Soft Matter Physics
  • Statistical Mechanics
  • Computational Physics

Background:

  • Langevin equations and generalized Langevin equations (GLEs) are widely used to model particle dynamics in fluid media.
  • Understanding particle motion in non-equilibrium environments, such as active baths, is crucial for various scientific fields.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the behavior of particles subjected to external forces within an active fluid bath.
  • To derive an effective generalized Langevin equation (GLE) description for these systems using molecular simulations.
  • To analyze the nature of the external force term in the effective GLE for active baths.

Main Methods:

  • Molecular simulations were employed to model particle dynamics in an active bath.
  • Simulation data was used to extract parameters for an effective generalized Langevin equation (GLE).
  • Analysis focused on comparing the physical external force with the force term within the derived GLE.

Main Results:

  • In an active bath, the external force term in the effective GLE is a renormalized force, not the physical applied force.
  • This renormalized force can be significantly smaller than the physical external force.
  • The observed renormalization effect is independent of temperature renormalization, indicating a distinct physical phenomenon.

Conclusions:

  • Generalized Langevin equation (GLE) models require careful consideration of the effective force term when applied to active baths.
  • The concept of a renormalized external force is essential for accurately describing particle dynamics in non-equilibrium fluids.
  • Future microrheological studies should account for this force renormalization in active systems.