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Related Concept Videos

Urinary Bladder01:23

Urinary Bladder

714
The urinary bladder is a hollow, muscular sac that temporarily stores urine before it is expelled from the body. It can hold approximately 600 mL of urine prior to micturition. The bladder is retroperitoneal and located behind the pubic symphysis in the pelvic floor.
In males, the bladder is situated in front of the rectum, while in females, it is positioned anterior to the vagina and uterus. The bladder floor contains an inverted triangular area called the trigone, defined by the two ureteric...
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The Micturition Reflex01:26

The Micturition Reflex

635
Urination, or micturition involves the coordination of the bladder's detrusor muscle and two sphincters to ensure controlled bladder emptying.
The process begins with bladder filling, where the bladder wall stretches as urine accumulates. This stretching activates the urine storage reflex, mediated by the sacral spinal segments and the pontine storage center. Efferent sympathetic impulses stimulate the detrusor muscle to relax and the internal urethral sphincter to contract, facilitating...
635

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jul 4, 2025

Evaluation of Biomaterials for Bladder Augmentation using Cystometric Analyses in Various Rodent Models
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A Full Bladder Is Not Needed for the Male Stress Incontinence Grading Scale.

D M Lopategui1, T Demus2, C Mallory3

  • 1Desai Sethi Urology Institute at the University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida.

Urology Practice
|February 2, 2024
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

The Male Stress Incontinence Grading Scale, using a standing cough test, reliably assesses severity for male stress urinary incontinence treatment. This method is effective even with nearly empty bladders, aiding in successful stratification for artificial urinary sphincter or sling procedures.

Keywords:
artificial urinary sphinctermale urethral slingurinary stress incontinence

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Area of Science:

  • Urology
  • Medical Devices
  • Patient Assessment

Background:

  • Male stress urinary incontinence (SUI) significantly impacts quality of life.
  • Accurate stratification of SUI severity is crucial for selecting appropriate surgical interventions, such as artificial urinary sphincters (AUS) or urethral slings.
  • Current assessment methods may have limitations in reliability.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To evaluate the Male Stress Incontinence Grading Scale (MSIGS) using a standing cough test for stratifying male SUI patients.
  • To determine the efficacy of MSIGS in guiding treatment choices between AUS and sling procedures.
  • To investigate if a near-empty bladder at assessment increases the risk of treatment failure.

Main Methods:

  • Retrospective chart review of male patients who underwent either sling or AUS placement.
  • Documentation of MSIGS standing cough test scores and bladder scan results during initial evaluation.
  • Analysis of treatment outcomes, including incontinence resolution and recurrence.

Main Results:

  • High success rates were observed for both sling (90%) and AUS (93%) placements.
  • The standing cough test scores were comparable between successful and failed sling treatments.
  • Bladder scan volumes did not correlate with treatment failure, suggesting the test's reliability even with near-empty bladders.

Conclusions:

  • The standing cough test is a reliable, noninvasive tool for assessing male SUI severity.
  • MSIGS effectively stratifies patients for AUS versus sling procedures, achieving high success rates.
  • The reliability of the cough test is maintained even when bladders are nearly empty.