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Related Concept Videos

Mitral Valve Prolapse I: Introduction01:27

Mitral Valve Prolapse I: Introduction

IntroductionThe mitral valve, one of the heart's four valves, regulates blood flow. These valves have flaps that open and close to direct blood properly through the heart and body. During each heartbeat, the flaps open for blood to pass through and seal shut to prevent backflow. Specifically, the mitral valve opens to allow blood flow from the heart's upper left chamber to the lower left chamber. It then closes securely as the lower left chamber contracts to pump blood to the body, preventing...
Mitral Valve Prolapse II: Assessment and Management01:22

Mitral Valve Prolapse II: Assessment and Management

IntroductionA range of clinical features characterizes Mitral Valve Prolapse (MVP), but it is important to note that many individuals with MVP are asymptomatic and may remain so throughout their lives. For those who do exhibit symptoms, the following are the key clinical features:Palpitations: This is a common symptom where individuals feel an irregular or rapid heartbeat. Palpitations in MVP are often due to arrhythmias such as premature ventricular contractions or supraventricular tachycardia.
Mitral Regurgitation I: Introduction01:20

Mitral Regurgitation I: Introduction

Mitral regurgitation is characterized by the backward circulation of blood from the left ventricle to the left atrium during systole, a phase of the cardiac cycle when the heart contracts and pumps blood out of the chambers. This abnormal flow occurs primarily due to the dysfunction of the mitral valve or its supporting structures, which include the mitral leaflets, chordae tendineae, annulus, and papillary muscles.Etiology and Mechanisms:Primary Mitral Regurgitation: This type arises from...
Mitral Regurgitation III: Medical Management01:25

Mitral Regurgitation III: Medical Management

Mitral regurgitation (MR) is characterized by retrograde blood circulation from the left ventricle into the left atrium due to inadequate mitral valve closure. The severity of the condition, symptoms, and underlying cause determine treatment strategies.Monitoring and Pharmacological TreatmentPatients with mild to moderate MR typically do not need immediate intervention but regular monitoring to assess progression and guide treatment. Patients with mild MR should have an echocardiogram every 3-5...
Mitral Stenosis I: Introduction01:22

Mitral Stenosis I: Introduction

Mitral Valve Stenosis (MVS) is a heart condition where the mitral valve narrows, impeding blood circulation from the left atrium to the left ventricle. The etiology and pathophysiology of this condition are multifaceted, leading to a cascade of cardiovascular complications.Causes of Mitral Valve StenosisRheumatic Heart Disease: It is the main cause of mitral valve stenosis, particularly in developing nations. This condition arises from rheumatic fever, an inflammatory illness resulting from...
Mitral Stenosis III: Medical Management01:26

Mitral Stenosis III: Medical Management

Mitral stenosis, a condition marked by the narrowing of the mitral valve, necessitates an integrated approach for effective management. This approach includes preventative measures, medical therapy, and surgical interventions to reduce symptoms and prevent complications.PreventionPrevention of mitral stenosis primarily focuses on reducing the incidence of bacterial infections, particularly streptococcal infections, which can lead to rheumatic fever and subsequent valvular damage. Timely...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 12, 2026

An Image Guided Transapical Mitral Valve Leaflet Puncture Model of Controlled Volume Overload from Mitral Regurgitation in the Rat
07:42

An Image Guided Transapical Mitral Valve Leaflet Puncture Model of Controlled Volume Overload from Mitral Regurgitation in the Rat

Published on: May 19, 2020

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Simulating mitral repair: lessons learned.

Abigail White1, Anna Zarzycki1, Gianluigi Bisleri2

  • 1University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta.

Current Opinion in Cardiology
|February 2, 2024
PubMed
Summary

Simulation-based training is crucial for complex cardiac surgery, especially mitral valve repair. Current simulators offer varied fidelity, with 3D printed models showing promise for improved surgical skills.

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Last Updated: May 12, 2026

An Image Guided Transapical Mitral Valve Leaflet Puncture Model of Controlled Volume Overload from Mitral Regurgitation in the Rat
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A Simplified Stepwise Approach to Echo Guidance during Percutaneous Mitral Valve Repair
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Area of Science:

  • Cardiovascular Surgery
  • Medical Simulation
  • Surgical Education

Background:

  • Cardiac surgical cases are increasingly complex, demanding enhanced patient safety and minimally invasive techniques.
  • Simulation-based training (SBT) is experiencing a resurgence in surgical education.
  • This review focuses on SBT for mitral valve repair, examining available simulators and their applications.

Approach:

  • Discusses the multifactorial nature of simulator fidelity beyond simple high/low categorization.
  • Explores various mitral valve repair simulator modalities: tissue-based, bench-top, and hybrid models.
  • Highlights advancements, including patient-specific 3D printed silicone replicas.

Key Points:

  • Simulator fidelity is a complex, multifactorial concept involving structural and functional aspects.
  • A spectrum of simulators exists for mitral valve repair training, each serving specific objectives.
  • Patient-specific 3D printed models represent a significant advancement in mitral valve repair simulation.

Conclusions:

  • Evidence supports simulation's efficacy in improving performance within simulated environments.
  • Further research is needed to validate simulation's impact on clinical performance and patient outcomes.
  • Optimizing simulator use requires alignment with specific training objectives.